Download Different Types of Evolution

TYPES OF
EVOLUTION
Standards
 CLE
3210.5.5 Explain how evolution contributes to
the amount of biodiversity
 CLE 3210.5.3 Explain how genetic variation in a
population and changing environmental
conditions are associated with adaptation and
the emergence of new species.
Objectives
 Differentiate
between coevolution, divergent
evolution, convergent evolution and a
punctuated equilibrium
 Recognize
action
examples of each type of evolution in
Important Vocabulary
 Population:
all of the same species that
live in one area
 Species:
a group of closely related
organisms with similar characteristics that
are capable of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring
Adaptation vs. Acclimatization
 Adaptation
- Changes in traits in
populations over time
 Example: White moth population
becoming a black moth population
after 5 generations.
 Acclimatization
– individual organism
changes physiologically
 Example: growing thicker fur in winter
What are the types of evolution?
 Natural
ways:
1.
2.
3.
4.
selection can result in evolution in 4
Coevolution
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Punctuated equilibrium
1. Coevolution
 Coevolution—two
species evolve
together due to their close
relationship. When one evolves, the
other evolves too!

Examples: birds and flowers, or
predators/prey
Coevolution Examples:
2. Divergent Evolution
 Divergent
evolution—species with
same ancestor that live in different
environments adapt with increasingly
different characteristics until they are
no longer the same species
 DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS will lead to
differences in which variations of traits
are most “fit” (successful)

Example: Finches on the Galapagos
Islands evolved into many different
species to eat different foods.
Adaptive Radiation
 an
evolutionary pattern in which many
species evolve from a single ancestral species
 Leads
to homologous structures
3. Convergent Evolution



Convergent evolution—
species with different
ancestors becoming more
similar
SAME ENVIRONMENT will
lead to development of
structures with similar
functions
Example: Dolphins and fish
have very different
ancestors (mammals vs.
fish), but both have evolved
flippers because they live in
the sea.
Convergent Evolution
 Leads
to analogous structures
Convergent Evolution
Example:
DIVERGENT:
different
environment
COEVOLUTION:
predator/prey
CONVERGENT:
same environment
Punctuated
Equilibrium

the hypothesis that
evolutionary
development is
marked by
isolated episodes
of rapid speciation
between long
periods of little or
no change.
Artificial Selection
 Natural
Selection = environment determines
desirable traits
 Artificial selection = humans determine
desirable traits
What is a Phylogenetic Tree?
 Shows
evolutionary
relationship among
organisms based on
genetic similarities
 As you go down the
tree, you go back in
time to a common
ancestor
 Branching out means
natural selection caused
speciation
How do I read Phylogenetic Trees?
 The
closer two lines are to each other, the
more closely related the species
 The further away, the more distantly related
1. What is the closest related species to species D in the 1st tree?
2. What species is the most different from species D in the 2nd tree?
3. Which two species share the oldest common ancestor?
Practice:
 Complete
worksheet
types of evolution practice