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Members: -Nicholas Neemar -Christian Mahabir -Joshua Mendez -Daniel Joseph Andrew Mussio -Jordan Mazelie -Joshua Olowe CLASS: FORM 3:3 TEACHER: MR. A. COOPER The Structure And Function Of The Liver In The Process Of Digestion & Assimilation The Liver is a large, triangular organ in the upper right part of the abdomen, on top of the stomach. It is the largest organ inside the body .In the Liver, there are two lobes that are separated by a ligament. Functions Of The Liver In Digestion & Assimilation -The Liver removes many of the toxins and unusable materials and it stores some A & B vitamins. -The Liver produces Bile and Urea (Bile is used as a digestive agent). -The Liver produces immune factors and removes bacteria from the blood stream. -To process nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. -The Liver takes the raw materials absorbed by the intestine and makes all the various chemicals the body needs to function. -The secretion of Bile and Bile salts. -Breakdown of Red Blood Cells -Synthesis of plasma proteins The Structure And Function Of The Pancreas In The Process Of Digestion And Assimilation The pancreas is a long flat gland that lies in the abdomen behind the stomach, it produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine to help with digestion. Functions Of The Pancreas In Digestion & Assimilation The pancreas has two main functions which are an exocrine function that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar. The pancreas contains exocrine glands that produce enzymes important to digestion. When food enters the stomach, these pancreatic juices are released into a system of ducts that culminate in the main pancreatic duct. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct to form the ampulla of Vater which is located at the first portion of the small intestine, called the duodenum. The common bile duct originates in the liver and the gall bladder and produces another important digestive juice called bile . The pancreatic juices and bile that are released into the duodenum, help the body to digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells that create and release important hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar. Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to the functioning of key organs including the brain, liver, and kidneys. HOW IT WORKS There is a tube called the pancreatic duct which leads from the pancreas into the duodenum. The pancreas makes a fluid called pancreatic juice which flows along the tube and contains many enzymes. One of the enzymes are called amylase that breaks down starch to maltose. There is a protease that is called trypsin which breaks down proteins to polypeptides and there is lipase which breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol. These enzymes do not work well in acid environments. Pancreatic juice contains sodium hydrogen carbonate and it neutralizes the hydrochloric acid that came from chyme that came from the stomach. MAIN ENZYMES -Amylase -Trypsin -Lipase Amylase Amylase is an enzyme that speeds up the rate of the breakdown of starch into sugars. Amylase can be found in human saliva, where the process of digestion is started. TRYPSIN Trypsin is an enzyme that is found in the digestive system of many vertebrates. Trypsin is produced by the pancreas and Trypsin forms proteins. Lipase Lipase is an enzyme that speeds up the rate of the formation of fats (Lipids). Lipase performs essential roles in digestion and in transport and processing of dietary Lipids.