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RELS 110 In the Image of God: An Introduction to World Religions Final Exam Review Questions Having attended the lecture and completed the reading, you should by now be able to define the following terms and identify the following people: salaam - peace islam – to surrender Muslim salama – to be safe; one becomes safe by surrendering to God Adam Religious context of pre-Islamic Arabia: Indigenous traditions Nature worshippers Animists Polytheists al-Lat al-Manat Hubal Jews Christians Muhammad (570-632) Mecca Quraysh tribe (of which Muhammad was a member) Ka’bah Abu Talib Khadijah Mt. Hira Angel Gabriel Abu Talib hijra: the flight from Mecca to Medina in 622; this event is the date which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar umma – literally family – terms used to refer to the community of Islam zakat – almsgiving to the poor of 20% qibla – the direction of Muslim prayer – towards Mecca ahl-al-kitab – people of the book – referring to people who share the common scripture – Jews and Christians razzia Muhammad Quran hadith qiyas (analogy) ijma (consensus) ulama Five core Islamic beliefs Allah allahu akbar: God is most great 99 beautiful names of God malik: angel Iblis: the “whisperer” Five core Islamic actions niya: intention shahadah: confession “I bear witness that there is no God but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God.” salat: prayer Almsgiving (zakat) Fasting (Ramadan) Pilgrimage (hajj) Holy war (jihad) Key principles for understanding Islam: 1. God: a master/servant relationship of God to humans and humans to God 2. Islam is a religion of revelation (God guides people) 3. Islam is a confessional religion 4. Islam is a religion of history (God acts in the world) 5. Islam is a comprehensive religion: total, all-embracing and inclusive 6. Islam is a religion of law 7. Islam knows the overwhelming impress of the personality of the prophet Muhammad 8. Islam is a religion of community 9. Islam has a sense of the equality of believers 10. Islam is a missionary religion 11. Islam has a sense of the mystical perfection of Islam; there is the sense the some muslims may be bad, but Islam is good. The question of Muhammad’s successor: Abu Bakr Umar ibn Khattab Uthman Ali The four rightly governed caliphs Sunni Shi’ia imam Development of Islamic thought: Orthopraxy – right behavior – Islamic law (sharia) Orthodoxy – right belief – Islamic theology (al-kindi) and Islamic philosophy (alfarabi) Orthathaethesia – right feeling – Islamic mysticism al-Hallaj al-Ghazali (1058-1111) taqlid Guru Nanak Ramanand Kabir Guru Guru Nanak Guru Angad Guru Amar Das Guru Ram Das Guru Arjan Dev Guru Hargobind Akbar Guru Har Ral Guru Harkrishan Guru Tegh Bahadur Guru Gobind Singh Guru Granth Sahib Sikh List 7 principle Sikh beliefs List 4 principle Sikh practices Gurdwara Khalsa Singh The five K’s What is the Sikh perception of the nature of God? What is the Sikh perception of the nature of humanity? What is the Sikh perception of the right relationship between God and humans? Humanism Secularism Freud Evolution Darwin Baha’i Pope Jean Paul II