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BUDDHA, BOY PRAYING, HEBREW SCROLLS AND CRUCIFIX © PHOTOS.COM/JUPITERIMAGES; GANESH STATUE © SURESH GOPALSAMY; SIKH TEMPLE © CAGDELHI ALL WWW.SXC.HU Hinduism Christianity Islam Hinduism originated over 4000 Christianity was founded by Jesus Islam began with the teachings of prophet years ago in India. Hindus believe Christ, a Jew (0-33CE) living in what is Muhammad (570-632CE), an Arab leader that we all have a soul that lives now called Israel, and is based on the who lived in Mecca and Medina. The again and again trying to become idea of loving God and one’s neighbour as word Islam means submission, or the total perfect (a state called Brahman), much as oneself in order to go to Heaven. surrender of oneself to one God who is and that we can be reborn as Jesus was executed by the Romans but beyond understanding. a person, an animal or a plant his followers spread the word of his beliefs (reincarnation). They believe that our present lives around the world. depend on how we have behaved in past lives (karma). Muslims believe that the angel Gabriel revealed God’s truth to The main Christian holy books are the Muhammad and his followers wrote it four gospels (good news) of the New Testament of the down in the Koran or Qur’an, comprising 114 chapters (knowledge), containing mantras or repeated prayers Bible. These mostly describe the last few years of the life of (suras), containing 6,236 verses. The earlier suras, revealed which may be chanted or written. As the religion is so Jesus and were written by Mark, Luke, Matthew and John at Mecca, cover ethical and spiritual topics. The later old, many different schools of practice have developed between 60-100CE. suras, from Medina, discuss social and moral issues. Hinduism has many holy books, called the Vedas and some groups, like Buddhists and Sikhs, have become new religions in themselves, no longer believing in the authority of the Vedas. Sacred texts Islam has a second Holy Book, the Hadith or the Life of Muhammad, which is used to seek examples when judging people’s behaviour in Muslim courts. by David Clayton Buddhism Sikhism Judaism Buddhism was founded Sikhism was founded by Judaism followers, called Jews, by Siddhartha Gautama Guru Nanak Dev (1469- believe in a single, personal (Buddha or ‘enlightened 1538CE). Born a Hindu, he God who chose them to set an one’), an Indian prince noticed that religion led to example of holiness and ethical (563-483BCE) and is based trouble between Hindus and behaviour to the world. Their main on the idea that we live Muslims so he started his own holy book is the Tanakh, formed again and again until our ‘path to God’. He believed in of three parts. The Torah (the Law) behaviour reaches a state karma and the transmigration is the first five books of the Old of perfection or nirvana of souls, but not in Paradise Testament (as Christians call it), (endless happiness). and Hell: he believed in living containing 614 commandments. It a balanced life to become one with God. was thought to have been written Buddhist holy books are the Pali Canon in three Guru means teacher. There were nine other teachers by Moses but scholars now date collections: two about after Nanak Dev and their teachings, advising believers it some 800 years later. The Nevi’im (the living according to the teachings of the Buddha and how to live, were written down in the Holy Book known as Prophets) has four books about early one, the Sutta Pitaka, containing more than 10,000 of the Guru Granth Sahib – which became the tenth and prophets and 15 about later prophets. The Ketuvim his sayings and discussions. final guru. has 11 books of writings, starting with the Psalms. POSTER 1 Ages 9 to 11 ◗ Issue 63 ◗ November 2009 ◗ © Scholastic Ltd 2009 downloadable! www.scholastic.co.uk/literacytime