Download Ch-25-Lessons-One-and-Two

Sexually Transmitted
Infections and HIV/AIDS
Chapter 25
Lessons One and Two
Common STI’s and Risks
Pgs 648-56
STIs and STDs
STIs and STDs are infectious diseases
spread through sexual contact
STI is the abbreviation for sexually
transmitted infection
STD is the abbreviation for sexually
transmitted disease
A person can have an infection and pass it
to others without necessarily having the
disease
The Hidden Epidemic
Epidemics are
occurrences of diseases
in which many people in
the same place at the
same time are affected
STDs are the most
common communicable
diseases in the U.S.
65 million people in the
U.S. are living with an
incurable STD
The Hidden Epidemic
Many people with
STDs are asyptomatic
or without symptoms.
They infect others
unknowingly
Even when STDs are
diagnosed, they may
not be reported to
health departments to
notify people
High Risk Behavior and STDs
Teens make up 25% of new STD cases each year
Being sexually active
with more than one
person
Having unprotected
sex
Selecting high-risk
partners
Using alcohol and
other drugs
The Consequences of STDs
Some STDs are incurable and can remain
in the body for life
Some STDs cause cancer (liver cancer or
cervical cancer)
Some STDs can affect the ability to
reproduce by damaging reproductive
organs
Some STDs can be passed from an
infected female to her child before, during,
or after birth
The Importance and Benefits of
Abstinence
Cause and Effect: Sexual activity is the
cause and an STD is the effect
Abstinence is the deliberate decision to
avoid harmful behaviors including sexual
activity before marriage
Use refusal skills and choose friends who
also support abstinence
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV can cause genital
warts or asymptomatic
infection
It is the most common
STD in the U.S.
CDC estimates that 5075% of sexually active
people will acquire HPV
sometime in their lives
There is no treatment
HPV can cause cancer of
the cervix, penis, and
anus
Genital Warts
Pink or reddish
cauliflowerlike tops that
appear on the genitals,
vagina, or cervix 1-3
months after HPV
Highly contagious and
are spread by any form of
sexual contact
Treatment can get rid of
the warts, but not the
virus
Infants born to mothers
with HPV can develop the
warts in the throat which
obstruct breathing
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a
bacterial infection that
affects the
reproductive organs
40% of cases are
reported in teens 15
to 19 years old
Chlamydia
There are no visible symptoms in 75% of
females and 50% of males
When symptoms are present, males may
experience a discharge from the penis or
burning during urination. Females may
have vaginal discharge, burning during
urination, or abdominal pain
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is diagnosed by lab examination of
secretions from the cervix in females and from
the urethra in males
It can be treated with antibiotics but a person
can be infected again
Chlamydia often goes unnoticed until serious
complications occur such as pelvic inflammatory
disease in females and infertility in both genders
Infants born to infected mothers may develop
eye disease or pneumonia and are often born
prematurely
Genital Herpes
Genital Herpes is an
STD caused by the
herpes simplex virus
Type 1 causes cold
sores
Type 2 cause genital
sores
About 20% of the total
adolescent population
in the U.S. is infected
Genital Herpes
Most individuals are asymptomatic
Typical symptoms are blisterlike sores in
the genital area
The virus can be spread with or without
visible symptoms
Medication relieves the symptoms but
can’t cure the virus
People with herpes are more capable of
transmitting or acquiring HIV
Gonorrhea
“The Clap”
Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that affects
mucous membranes
Highest rates found in females 15-19
years old and males 20-24 years old
Symptoms in males = discharge from the
penis and painful urination
50% of females have no symptoms. Some
have vaginal discharge and painful
urination
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea can be treated with antibiotics but
people can be reinfected if exposed
If untreated, gonorrhea can lead to infertility in
both genders
The bacteria can spread to the bloodstream and
cause permanent joint damage
Females can pass it to their babies and babies
can be contract eye infection leading to
blindness
Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis is an STD caused by a
microscopic protozoan that results in
infections of the vagina, urethra, and
bladder.
Females may have no symptoms but the
disease may result in vaginitis: an
inflammation of the vagina characterized
by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching
Males usually show no symptoms but may
have itching or discharge and burning after
urination
Syphilis
Syphilis is an STD
that attacks many
parts of the body and
is caused by a small
bacterium called a
spirochete.
The first sign of
infection is a red
painless sore called a
chancre.
Syphilis
A chancre will heal on its own, but left
untreated it can spread through the blood
to other body parts
Eventually it can damage internal organs
like the heart, liver, nervous system, and
kidneys
A person is at risk for paralysis,
convulsions, blindness, and heart disease.
An infant infected with syphilis can have a
damaged nervous system and die
Treatment
Prevention is every individual’s
responsibility
Embarrassment should not keep a person
from getting medical treatment
Only a professional can prescribe the
correct treatment
Personal information is kept confidential
although an infected person should notify
all sexual partners (current and past)