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Chapter Fifteen Sexually Transmitted Diseases Copyright, Corey E. Miller, 2002 The STD Epidemic STDs are the most common reportable infectious disease in U.S. Five Most common Chlamydia Gonorrhea AIDS Syphilis Hepatitis B Prevalence U.S. Rates exceed every other industrialized nation Causes (Eng & Butler, 1997) Less Pragmatic School Education Access to Health Care Disparities among groups Women contract STDs more easily Most new cases occur in people 15-24 2/3 15 –24 ¼ under 20 Higher rates among African American and Hispanic groups People who are sexually active at early age High Risk Know partner less than 1 month Nonexclusive partners 20% of women thought they had partners that were exclusive but weren’t 87% of Men who have sex with men also have female partners 2x as likely to have HIV 29% married Behavioral Factors Contributing to Spread Early initiation of sexual activity Multiple sex partners High-risk sex partners High risk sexual behavior Incorrect condom use Substance abuse Sexual coercion Lack of understanding Other Factors Contributing to Spread Social factors Poverty and marginalization Access to health care Secrecy and moral conflict about sexuality Biological factors A symptomatic nature of STDs Resistance to treatment Lack of cure Biological Sexism Women more likely than Men to acquire STD Vagina = ideal environment for organisms Long Term Effects Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Ectopic Pregnancy Infertility Cervical Cancer Harm to Fetus Principal STDs Chlamydia Gonorrhea Urinary tract infections Syphilis Genital warts Genital herpes Hepatitis Chlamydia Characteristics of Bacteria and Virus Many asymptomatic Vaginal discharge Burning during urination Fever Can cause infertility Gonorrhea Discharge Pain during urination Can lead to PID (and infertility) Urinary Tract Infection Burning and discharge Often Chlamydia Syphilis Can cause death Syphilis Genital Warts & Herpes Same Virus as Cold Sores No Cure Hepatitis Viral Disease of the Liver Types A, B, C A through contaminated food or oral-anal sex Usually curable w/in 6 weeks – usually no ling term effects B is the most dangerous Long Term Liver damage or Cancer Very infectious (100 x more than HIV) Through bodily fluids Tattoos Intravenous drugs Vaccine exists C is typically passed through handling blood Vaginal Infections Also referred to as vaginitis Bacterial vaginosis Candidiasis Trichomoniasis Other STDs Chancroid Cytomegalovirus Enteric infections Granuloma inguinale Lymphogranuloma venereum Molluscum contagiosum Parasites Scabies - mite Sarcoptes scabiei Pubic lice - Phthirus pubis; commonly known as crabs Avoiding STDS Practice abstinence Practice sexual exclusivity Reduce risk during sexual activity Select partners carefully Avoid multiple partners Avoid injecting drugs Get vaccinated Protect babies Be a good communicator STDs Treating STDs Recognize STD symptoms Seek treatment Get partners to treatment
