Download project 3 - WordPress.com

Giese 1
Justin Giese
Professor Sansing
English 1001
5 August 2015
Gee, James Paul, and Michael Levine. TV Guidance (2009): 48-59. Democracy Journal. 2009.
Web. 28 June 2015
Gee and Levine discuss the struggles that we are currently facing in the modern American
education system. They start their discussion by mentioning it has been 25 years since the
landmark education study “A Nation at Risk”. They go on to discuss how even with the hundreds
of billions of dollars put into improving their education hasn’t improved their overall education.
The two of them continue on and discuss the “fourth grade slump”. They explain that the fourth
grade slump is essentially when students want to do other things other than reading and how this
is detrimental to early education. Ge and Levine then go to the topic of how to improve
education programs. This includes improving the digital aspects as well as the children’s basic
skills. But instead of programs like these there is programs like No Child Left Behind which are
turning schools into test-prep academies. The two of them then discuss that schools need to
implement digital media to find success. They finish off by saying that programs need to come
together and broadcast the need for digital media.
Gale Group. “Artificial Intelligence”. Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection. Detroit: Gale
(2010).Web. 7 July 2015
Giese 2
The author discusses the attempts at creating artificial intelligence and the implications of
creating artificial intelligence. The article is started with discussing about the attempts at creating
artificial intelligence. They began studying possibility in the 1950’s and it was believed that they
could be created soon. However even now it seems like artificial intelligence won’t be around for
the foreseeable future. They continue the discussion with the problems of creating an AI and how
they cannot reason and learn like a human. The author then continues on to discuss the successes
in AI. These successes include “intelligent” software to help us easily everyday tasks. The
discussion continues on to the difference between weak and strong AI. While weak AI do not
require a full range of cognitive abilities a strong AI needs cognitive abilities approaching or
exceeding humans. The author then discusses the social implications of AI. This includes would
they be hostile towards humans and would they have rights like humans do. The author finishes
the article by discussing current research on AI and how it could only be a matter of time before
there are AI.
Heaven, Douglas. “Game on, computer”. New Scientist 221 Issue 2950 (2014): 18-18. Print. 7
July. 2015
Douglas Heaven discusses the game designing AI, Angelina and the possibility of AI’s being
able to outdo humans. Douglas discusses the AI designed by Mike Cook of Goldsmiths,
University of London; that he entered into the competition known as a game jam. This is a
competition in which game designers create a game over a weekend. While Angelina created an
engaging game the AI lacked when it came to the theme. This is due to the AI referencing single
nouns for the theme. Cook says a future version of Angelina will adapt to fit the theme and will
have even more freedom.
Giese 3
Gee, James Paul. "Jim Gee Principles on Gaming." Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 13
Nov. 2013. Web. 7 July. 2015.
James Paul Gee gives his ideas behind good video games and how they have the ability to create
effective learning as well as problem solving. Gee discusses customization and how video games
allow you to try to solve things different ways. They also invite you to try a new style while
having a low risk and become a new learner. Gee also discusses the thirteen principles that good
video games use to create a learning environment. The three categories that these principles are
divided into are, empowered learners, problem based learning, and deep understanding. Gee ends
his discussion by arguing that the ways that good video games teach gamers can be used to teach
students in more traditional learning environments and encourages viewers to use his discoveries
in their own.
Klein, Zach. “How Minecraft and Duct Tape Wallets Prepare Our Kids for Jobs That Don’t Exist
Yet”. edSurge. edSurge, 26 May 2015.Web. 7 July 2015.
Zach Klein starts by telling us that when he was 11 he loved to design web pages and play Sim
City. But these skills which were not seen as valuable by adults became his eventual career. He
ultimately created and sold his website, Vimeo, to a publicly-traded conglomerate. Zach
continues on to discuss how which skills will be valuable in the future and even more difficult to
see the connection between a child’s interests and these skills. He concludes his discussion by
saying that kids need to “develop the muscle to be fearless learners” so they are prepared for the
world and never stuck with the skills they have.
Norvig, Peter. “Artificial Intelligence”. New Scientist 216.2889 (2012): 1-8. Web. 7 July 2015
Giese 4
Peter Norvig starts his article by discussing the origins of artificial intelligence. He discusses the
idea of building a mechanism that acts intelligently despite lacking human understanding. He
continues on how researchers in the mid twentieth century were finally able to test this idea.
With these tests the path to an AI seemed very straightforward. Peter then continues on to
discuss what exactly an AI is. He then transitions to the subject of the various forms of smart
computer programs that are around today and how they are evolving. He concludes his article by
discussing how these artificial intelligence humans and machines will move forward and advance
together.
Mackintosh, Graham. “Artificial Intelligence a Vital Moral Problem”. Factivia. 29 June 1987.
Web. 8 July 2015.
Graham starts his article by asking the whether or not we have ever thought of the moral
implications behind artificial intelligence. He continues his by discussing the possibility of the
AI’s displacing humans from their jobs. The second moral issue is if these AI’s get their skills
for a job from a person they can keep using these skills after they have left the company. They
could even sell this knowledge to other companies so this employee the AI learned from could be
technically already working for them. The discussion is continued with the amount of control
that AI’s should be given.
Russell, Stuart. "Robotics: Ethics of artificial intelligence". Nature (London) (00280836),521 (7553), p. 415. 28 May 2015. Web. 10 July 2015.
Russell Stuart starts his discussion on the use of AI’s in weapons and modern warfare. He
discusses the feasibility of using artificial intelligence in warfare as well as the various uses they
could be used for in the military role. He continues on to discuss the need for people to spread
Giese 5
the information relating to artificial intelligence. That the only way to advance the development
of artificial intelligence is to get more people interested and involved. He finishes his discussion
by discussing about a human robot world. That in the future humans and artificial intelligence
will live side by side.
Spector, Lee. “Evolution of Artificial Intelligence”. ScienceDirect. 7 November 2006. Web. 10
July 2015
The author Lee Spector starts his discussion by talking about the history behind non-biological
intelligence. He relates the idea of the Pre-Darwin view of life to artificial intelligence. Relating
this view to those that believe that an Ai could not evolve. He continues on to discuss how AI
text authors and how they set design problems the human designers are supposed to solve. He
continues on discussing the problem solving performance of humans and evolutionary
algorithms. He finishes his discussion by talking about the various uses there will be for artificial
intelligence and how an AI would evolve in each of these fields.
Dessimoz, Jean-Daniel. “Artificial Intelligence Research in Switzerland”. ProQuest. 25 July
2015. Web. 2 August 2015
In this article the author starts by discussing the research landscape that is Switzerland. They talk
about the multiple teams under diverse groups to research artificial intelligence. They continue
on to discuss the beginnings of AI research in their country. They continue on to discuss the rise
and then the fall of Ai research in Switzerland. The author finished their article by discussing the
different lines of research for AI’s which include information retrieval, AI education, and
cognitive systems.
Giese 6