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CHY 4U
Scientific Revolution
Inquiry Questions
General: To what extent would the scientific
revolution have been possible without nonwestern sources/ideas?
Specific: How did Galileo fit into the story of
continuity and change evolving out of the
Renaissance?
DAY 1
Origins of Scientific Revolution
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Non-western sources (incl. Avicenna)
Partly from the Renaissance
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new discoveries about blood pressure,
classification, calculus, anatomy, circulation
(Vesalius), linear perspective, weapons
Ideas don’t have to fit preconceived notions
of the universe (sound like humanism?)
Challenge to tradition
The ‘Ologies’ as Opposed to Theology
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Epistemology
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theory of knowledge as a method of organizing
ideas
Cosmology
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theory of the universe
New?: The Scientific Method
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Islamic science and medicine had long been
based on:
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Observation
Experiment
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Rather than…
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E.g., translation Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine (1025)
was one of the most influential books in Europe
Think back to Renaissance slide on Leonardo Da Vinci.
Think about information fitting into worldviews.
View video clip from The Medicis (if time).
Geocentric Model of the Solar System
The Geocentric Paradigm, Philosophy: Chinese/Japanese 350, 2006.
http://faculty.vassar.edu/brvannor/Asia350/ptolemy.html (Feb. 21, 2013).
European Geocentrism: Sacred or
Secular?
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Old View of the Universe
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based on Aristotle and Ptolemy
spheres revolve around earth which doesn’t move
heavenly bodies attached to spheres
10 spheres, highest is the home of God
perfect circular motion of spheres
humans at centre, special relationship with God
Islam and Astronomy
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Muslims needed to locate Mecca for daily
prayer and for special occasions such as
beginning and end of Ramadan
Nasr al-Din al-Tusi (b. 1201)
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Built an observatory
Memoir on Astronomy
Idea of 2 circles (the tusi-couple) similar to what
Copernicus later came up with
Jim Al-Khalili, House of Wisdom: How Arabic Science Saved Ancient Knowledge
and Gave Us the Renaissance (New York: Penguin, 2011), pp. 205-6.
Tusi Couple and Copernicus
Copernicus
Al-Tusi
John Baez, Rolling Circles and Balls, Sept. 11, 2012,
http://www.math.ucr.edu/home/baez/rolling/rolling_3.html (Feb. 25,
2016).
Heliocentric Model
NASA Earth Observatory. Feature Article: Planetary Motion: The History of an Idea that Launched the Scientific Revolution. 2009.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/OrbitsHistory/ (Sept. 6, 2010).
Copernicus’s On the Revolutions…
Copernicus’ math
was also inspired
by the work of Ibn
al-Shatir
Rare Book Library at the University of Sydney. Origins of Modernity Online Exhibition: Cosmology and Astronomy – Copernicus.
2002. http://www.library.usyd.edu.au/libraries/rare/modernity/copernicus.html (Sept. 6, 2010); Al-Khalili, House of
Brahe’s Universe and Uranibourg
Observatory
Rice University. Galileo Project: Science – Tycho Brahe, Tychonic Universe. 2003.
http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/brahe.html (Sept. 6, 2010); Long, Tony. Wired. August 8, 1576: Brahe’s Palatial Gateway to the
Heavens. 2007. http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/08/dayintech_0808 (Sept. 15, 2010).
Kepler Used Brahe’s Data
Elliptical orbits of
planet
PBS Online/WNET New York. Stephen Hawking’s Universe. N.d. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/hawking/universes/html/kepler.html (Sept.
15, 2010).
Galileo’s Telescope
Museo Galileo. Institute and Museum of the History of Science. Multimedia Catalogue. 2010.
http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/museum/esim.asp?c=405001 (Sept. 6, 2010).
Phases of Venus, 1623
International Year of Astronomy 2009. Graphic Description of Venus Phases. 2009.
http://www.astronomy2009.org/resources/multimedia/images/detail/galileo_12/ (Sept. 6, 2010).
Moons of Jupiter, 1610
NASA. Solar System Exploration – Galileo’s Journal. 2008. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=7303 (Sept. 6,
2010).
Galileo’s Dialogo, 1632
Aristotle, Ptolemy
and Copernicus
discussing the
universe
Library of Congress – European Collections. 2005 Science and Technology. http://www.loc.gov/rr/european/guide/science.html (Sept. 15,
2010).
Day 1 Homework:

Fill in Scientific Revolution organizer in
handouts using pages 71-73.
Really this is only half a period.
DAY 2
Why did Galileo Get in So Much
Trouble in 1633?
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See “Modern History Sourcebook: The Crime
of Galileo: Indictment and Abjuration of 1633”
PSD in handouts.
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Identify biased language.
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What was he accused of?
Explain why he faced such serious
consequences in 1633.
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See “Galileo’s Context” in handouts.
HTC Journal
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Conclusions on the inquiry questions?
General: To what extent would the scientific
revolution have been possible without nonwestern sources/ideas?
1
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Specific: How does Galileo fit into the story of
continuity and change evolving out of the
Renaissance?
Day 2 HW
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Move on to absolutism.