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Transcript
Essay Physics: Science in the Renaissance Introduction The Renaissance, where traders started to explore, civilians started to dominate, and scientists started to observate, experiment, and discover. Science in the Renaissance was a lot different than science nowadays. The most important guys for science in the Renaissance were of course: Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, and Tycho Brahe. Their ideas, and adoption of ideas will be discussed. Science in the Renaissance Old situation: The church was very important in the Renaissance, though it lost its power, it still kept the knowledge secret, and controlled science. The church adopted the Greek view. Greek view: Natural Motion: There are 4 elements (Earth, Water, Air, Fire/Smoke), and they each have their own place. Some things will rise above, or sink under other things. Unnatural motion: If you take away the source of the motion, the motion stops. Changed situation: Copernicus’ book ‘On the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies’, was brought out during the Scientific Revolution. It revealed the (for that time) truth. Ideas Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei, also known as ‘the father of modern science’, ‘the father of science’, ‘the father of astronomy’, and ‘the father of physics’ was very important during the Scientific Revolution. Galileo is called the father of modern science, because according to him; only the experiments determine what is correct. He did a lot of experiments He dropped two cannon balls exactly at the same time from the Tower of Pisa, one was heavier than the other. They hit the ground at the same time. 1 Anis Oepkes 2L April 2011 Also when he rolled the ball down a slope, the height it ended on, was the same as it started, no matter how steep the slope is. Astronomy: Galileo built his own telescope with 3x magnification, it was based on descriptions of the first telescope, invented in the Netherlands. He also discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter, the Galilean Moons. Ideas Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus is known for his Heliocentric ideas. He believed that the earth rotates around the sun, instead of everything rotating around the earth. The sun was in the centre of the universe. He liked Galileo’s ideas, which he improved. Copernicus said that the earth not only made cycles around the sun, but also made epicycles around its own axis. His book ‘On the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies’ contained his ideas about the planets and universe. It was very important during the Scientific Revolution. Ideas Johannes Kepler 3 laws of planetary motion: 1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci. 2. A line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time 2 Anis Oepkes 2L April 2011 3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. (orbital period = year, semi-major axis = radius of axis, year² = radius of axis³) Ideas Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe combined the mathematical benefits of the Copernican system with the philosophical benefits of the Ptolemaic system, which made the Tychonic system. Tychonic system: The earth is at the the universe, the sun and the moon around the earth, the other five rotate around the sun. center of rotate planets Brahe also observed a lot, he the supernova from 1572. He wrote a book about it called ‘De Nova Stella’ Star). observed small (The New Conclusion Science has changed through the years, it started with the Greeks and Romans, made a great Revolution in the Renaissance, and is developing more and more right now. Galileo might be the most important man in the history of science. His ideas, adopted by Copernicus, Kepler and Brahe were slightly changed and improved by them. 3 Anis Oepkes 2L April 2011