Download Civil War and Reconstruction

Civil War and Reconstruction
Confederate States of America
• Formal name of the nation formed by the states in the
South formed after seceding from the United States
• Also known as the Confederacy
• Fought against the Northern union states in the Civil War
• Original capital was in Richmond, Virginia, although
capital was later moved to Montgomery, Alabama when
Union troops controlled Virginia
• Lacked the industrial infrastructure to support a full scale
war against the Union
• Led by president Jefferson Davis
• Military was led by General Robert E. Lee
Jefferson
Davis
• President of the Confederate States of
America
Fort Sumter
• American military installation in Charleston (South
Carolina) Harbor
• Confederate States of America troops began the
Civil War by firing on a Union ship attempting to
bring fresh supplies to the soldiers stationed there.
Civil War
• Also known as the War Between the States
• Military conflict between the United States (the
Union) and the Confederate States of America (the
Confederacy)
• Fought from 1861-1865; bloodiest war in American
history
• Abraham Lincoln served as president of the United
States during the war
• Jefferson Davis served as president of the
Confederate States of America; Robert E. Lee led
the Confederate Army, while Ulysses S. Grant was
the last in a series of generals to command Union
forces
• The Union eventually won the war, which led to the
ratification of the Civil War amendments, the
abolition of slavery, and the onset of Reconstruction
Anaconda Plan
•
The Anaconda Plan was proposed in 1861 by Union
General Winfield Scott to win the American Civil War
with minimal loss of life, enveloping the Confederacy by
blockade at sea and control of the Mississippi River.
1. Blockade the coast of the South to prevent the export of
cotton, tobacco, and other cash crops from the South and
to keep them from importing much-needed war supplies.
2. Divide the South by controlling the Mississippi River to
cut off the southeastern states from the West.
• Scott considered this an "envelopment" rather than an
"invasion", although it would require armies and fleets of
river gunboats to accomplish it.
Robert E. Lee
• Virginian
• Military Leader of the Confederate States
of America
Gettysburg Address
• Famous 1863 speech by Abraham Lincoln
• Delivered at the dedication of a cemetery for the dead
soldiers who fought at the Battle of Gettysburg, one of the
bloodiest battles of the Civil War
• Extraordinarily short; contains the famous phase about eh
United States having a “Government of the people, by the
people, for the people.”
Emancipation Proclamation
• 1863 edict released by President Abraham Lincoln
• It matched the shift in public opinion in the North
toward abolitionism without actually freeing any
slaves, because it officially declared slavery over in
all land controlled by the Confederate States of
America, where Lincoln’s laws did not hold sway
• Did weaken the Confederacy by encouraging blacks
to flee for the North
• Also increased morale in the Union, increased
foreign support for the Union, and provided a first
step to abolishing slavery with the 13th Amendment
• Earned Lincoln the nickname of “The Great
Emancipator”
Appomattox Courthouse
• On April 9, 1865 after four years of Civil
War, approximately 630,000 deaths and
over 1 million casualties, General Robert
E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army
of Northern Virginia to Lieutenant General
Ulysses S. Grant, at the home of Wilmer
and Virginia McLean in the rural town of
Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
Lincoln’s Assassination
• one of the last major events in the American Civil War, took place on
April 14, 1865.
• President Abraham Lincoln was shot while attending a performance of
Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre with his wife and two
guests.
• Lincoln died the following day in the home of William Petersen , at
7:22 am
• Secretary of State William H. Seward was attacked on the same day as
Lincoln. His assailant, Lewis Powell, also attacked several other
members of Seward's household. However, all of Powell's victims
survived.
• Lincoln’s assassin, actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes
Booth, had also planned the attack on Seward. Booth hoped to
overthrow the Federal government by assassinating Lincoln, Seward,
and Vice President Andrew Johnson.
• Though Booth succeeded in killing Lincoln, the larger plot failed.
• Seward would recover from his wounds, and Johnson's potential
assassin simply left Washington when it was learned he was not home.
Reconstruction
• Term used to describe the years between 1865 and 1877, after the Civil War but
before the resumption of normal operations of the United States
• Required Congress to set requirements for the re-admission of the Confederate
States of America to the United States
• Abraham Lincoln advocated allowing the Southern states back into the Union
without too many punitive measures, but he was assassinated before he could
implement his plans
• His successor, Andrew Johnson, was ineffectual and seen as far too favorably
inclined toward the South
• Over the objections of Andrew Johnson, Congress enforced a series of harsh laws
known as Radical Reconstruction
• Required each state to ratify the Civil War Amendments as a condition of readmission to the Union
• Also established the Freedmen’s Bureau, which was not as effective as planned,
leaving many free blacks to engage in sharecropping
• Continued during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant
• Ended after the election of Rutherford B. Hayes
• Also saw the introduction and rapid spread of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Sharecropping
• A system that arose during Reconstruction
• Freed blacks who had no land cooperated with land
owners who needed labor in the absence of Slavery,
who agreed that blacks would farm the land and
would pay rent by readmitting a portion of the
harvest to the land owner
• This system kept blacks in crushing poverty,
preventing them from leaving the south or moving
up in society
Radical Reconstruction
• Term for a series of laws pushed through Congress
over the objection of Andrew Johnson
• Established punitive treatment of the former
Confederate States of America
• Allowed the Freedmen’s Bureau to use force in
meeting its goals
• Required states in the South to ratify the Civil War
Amendments as a condition of readmission to the
Union
• Was weakened during the presidency of Ulysses S.
Grant
• Ended when Rutherford B. Hayes was inaugurated
as president in 1877
Andrew Johnson
• Became President when Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated
• A southern slave owner who favored a mild plan
for Reconstruction
• Had numerous run-ins with congress, eventually
leading to impeachment proceedings against
him(he was not charged)
• Over his objections, Congress instituted Radical
Reconstruction
Civil War
amendments
• Collective moniker for the 13th, 14th, and 15th
Amendments
• 13th Amendment abolished slavery
• 14th Amendment granted African American men
citizenship and guaranteed all citizens equal
protection under the law
• 15th Amendment granted African American men
over the age of 21 the right to vote
• As a condition of readmission into the Union during
Reconstruction, the members of the Confederate
States of America had to ratify these Amendments
Freedmen’s
Bureau
• Federal agency created during Reconstruction
• Provided newly freed blacks with help procuring food,
clothing, education, and employment
• Also served to help protect blacks’ civil rights
• Was not overwhelmingly effective
• Was extremely unpopular with whites in the South
Carpetbaggers
•Derogatory term for
northerners who
moved south during
Reconstruction to
make a profit.
NATHAN
BEDFORD
FORREST
• Extremely successful military leader of the
Confederate States of America army
• After the Civil War, he founded the Ku
Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan
• A secret society organized by whites in the south
after the Civil War in response to the Civil War
Amendments and Radical Reconstruction;
organized by Nathan Bedford Forest
• Used violence to drive out carpetbaggers and to
intimidate blacks
• KKK members famously wore white robes and
white pointed hoods to disguise themselves
• Later evolved to be anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish, as
well as anti-black
• Still exists today
Ulysses S.Grant
• Final general to control all union forces during the
civil war
• Received command in 1864
• After he captured Richmond Virginia in April
1865, Robert .E Lee, military leader of the
Confederate States of America, surrendered at
Appomattox courthouse, Virginia
• elected president in 1868 and again in 1872
• Oversaw most of Reconstruction
exodusters
African Americans who moved
from the post Reconstruction
South to Kansas.
Populism
This was a movement to gain more
political and economical power for
common people
Rutherford B. Hayes
• Elected president in 1876 (in a closely contested election
that was deadlocked in the electoral collage and was
therefore decided in the House of Representatives)
• Won fewer popular votes (and fewer electoral votes) than
his opponent-Samuel Tilden- but was elected as part of a
political compromise
• Ended Reconstruction when he took office in 1877
• First Democrat elected after the Civil War
Jim Crow Laws
• A system of laws that collectively mandated
Segregation in all areas of life from that
1880’s to the 1960’s
• These laws were deemed constitutional by
the Supreme Court in Plessy v.
Ferguson(1896), and then deemed
unconstitutional in a series of cases decided
by the Warren Court in the 1950’s
Transcontinental Railroad
• A watershed accomplishment in American history
• Completed in 1869 when two railroads were joined
at Promontory Point, Utah, allowing undisrupted
railroad travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean
• By the end of the nineteenth century, there were a
handful of completed transcontinental railroads
Dawes Act
The act broke up reservations and
gave some of the land to each
Native American family for
farming.
Ghost Dance
The Sioux adopted ritual called
the Ghost Dance which they
hoped would bring the buffalo
back.
the Battle of
Wounded
Knee
At this battle the Army had become
nervous because of the Sioux
practicing the Ghost Dance. They
gathered them up and tried to take
their weapons, when this happened
a fight broke out and 300 unarmed
Sioux were killed.
Homestead Act of 1862.
Under this law, the government
offered 160 acres of free land to
anyone who would farm it for five
years.
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What event made 7 states secede
from the union?
election of Abraham Lincoln
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg Address
firing at Fort Sumter
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
How did the southern seceding states
feel about our national government?
They believed America was "one nation",
not a collection of states.
They believed that states had freely
joined the union and could freely leave.
They believed the north was correct.
They believed that their opinions were
not part of democracy so they should
leave to preserve the national
government.
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What was the opening
confrontation of the Civil War?
Fort Sumter
Vicksburg
Atlanta
Appomattox
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Who was President of the United
States during the Civil War?
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
James Buchanan
Andrew Johnson
• What former slave became a
prominent abolitionist and urged
Lincoln to recruit former slaves to
fight in the Union army?
a) Frederick Douglass
b) Gabriel Prosser
c) Nat Turner
d) William Lloyd Garrison
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Who was the Confederate general
of the Army of Northern Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
Joseph Johnston
Stonewall Jackson
A. P. Hill
• What announcement did President
Lincoln issue after the battle of
Antietam freeing slaves only in
rebellion slave states?
a) Gettysburg Address
b) First Inaugural Address
c) State of the Union speech
d) Emancipation Proclamation
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What battle is known as the
turning point of the Civil War?
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Antietam
Shiloh
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Which Union military commander
won victories over the south after
several Union commanders had
failed?
McClellan
Grant
Burnside
Cornwallis
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
In what speech did Lincoln describe the
Civil War as a struggle to preserve a
nation that was dedicated to the
proposition that "all men are created
equal" and that was ruled by a
government "of the people, by the
people, and for the people?"
Gettysburg Address
State of the Union speech
Emancipation Proclamation
First Inaugural Address
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
At what site did Lee, representing
the South, surrender to the
North?
Antietam
Appomattox
Altoona
Atlanta
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Who accepted Lee's surrender to
end the war?
McClellan
Lincoln
Grant
Sherman
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Who said, "with malice towards
none, with charity for all... to
bind up the nation's wounds...?"
Abraham Lincoln
Clara Barton
Andrew Johnson
Robert E. Lee
• What happened to President
Lincoln shortly after the South's
surrender to the North?
a) He was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald.
b) He was not reelected.
c) He was poisoned.
d) He was shot by John Wilkes Booth.
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Which is not a result of the Civil War
on the south?
Atlanta and Richmond were in ruins
Farms, railroads, and factories were
destroyed.
Industry increased due to the lack of
farmable land.
The South remained the poorest section
of the nation for many decades following
the war.
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What political group took control after
Lincoln's death to influence the process
of Reconstruction in a punitive manner
towards the Confederate
States?
Democratic-Republicans
Radical Republicans
Liberty Party
Free-Soilers
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What does the 13th Amendment
state?
direct election of senators
states can not deny equal rights
under the law to any American
slavery is abolished permanently in
the U.S.
voting rights for women
• Which amendment states that
voting rights are guaranteed
regardless of race, color, or
previous condition of servitude?
a) 12th Amendment
b) 15th Amendment
c) 14th Amendment
d) 10th Amendment
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What issue led to the
impeachment of President
Johnson?
reinstating southern states to the
union
assassination of Lincoln
civil rights for freed slaves
veto of the 15th Amendment
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
In the Compromise of 1877, Republicans
agreed to
not run in another election in the south.
end military occupation of the south.
pass Jim Crow laws
give former Confederates the chance to
control the Republican party again.
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What is the name of the time
period in which African Americans
in the South were denied the full
rights of American citizenship?
Reconstruction Era
Industrial Era
Jim Crow Era
Progressive Era
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Which is NOT an effect of the Civil
War and Reconstruction?
Southern resentment toward the North
increased.
The southern whites controlled the South
politically, economically, and socially.
Lincoln believed that to reunify the nation
the South must be punished by the
government.
Lincoln's view that the United States was
one nation indivisible had prevailed.
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
Which two areas emerged after the
Civil War with strong and growing
industrial economies, laying the
foundation for the sweeping
industrialization of the nation?
North and South
North and Pacific Coast
Midwest and North
South and Midwest
•
a)
b)
c)
d)
What intensified the westward
movement of settlers into the
states between the Mississippi
River and the Pacific Ocean?
Santa Fe Trail
steamboats
Transcontinental Railroad
Oregon Trail