Download fall bellwork

Sponge #1
8-13-12
If scientists search other planets for
possible life, they are likely to focus on the
presence of molecules containing which of
the following elements?
A. carbon
B. iron
C. potassium
D. sodium
Answer:
A. carbon
Sponge #2
8-14-12
An organism’s genetic information is stored
in which type of macromolecule?
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. DNA
Answer:
D. DNA
Sponge #3
8-15-12
When the sugar lactose is digested by the human
body, each lactose molecule is broken down into
smaller molecules. To which of the following
categories do these smaller molecules belong?
A. amino acids
B. monosaccharides
C. nucleic acids
D. polypeptides
Answer:
B. monosaccharides
Sponge #4
8-16-12
Many plants have waxy coatings on some
surfaces. This coating reduces water loss
because it is not water-permeable. This waxy
coating is which of the following types of
organic molecule?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Protein
Answer:
B. Lipid
Sponge #5
8-17-12
Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of
the following best describes the molecular
structure of ovalbumin?
A. A group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring
B. A set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule
of glycerol
C. A chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a
molecule
D. A sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a
sugar-phosphate backbone
Answer:
C. A chain of amino acids folded
and twisted into a molecule
Sponge #6
8-20-12
Enzymes affect the reactions in living
cells by changing the
A. Products of the reaction.
B. Speed of the reaction.
C. Temperature of the reaction.
D. pH of the reaction.
Answer:
B. Speed of the reaction.
Sponge #7
8-21-12
Enzymes only work with specific substrates
because each enzyme:
A. Has a specific activation site for substrate
attachment
B. Can only use a specific ionic bond with
the substrate
C. Destroys its substrate
D. Actively interferes with other substrates
around it
Answer:
A. Has a specific activation site for
substrate attachment
Sponge #8
8-22-12
This graph shows that:
A. More enzymes are
present at a higher pH
B. Pepsin is less sensitive to
pH that trypsin
C Pepsin is less effective at
low pH than trypsin
D. pH affects the activity
rate of enzymes
Answer:
D. pH affects the activity rate of enzymes
Sponge #9
8-23-12
Students in a biology laboratory
are monitoring the rate at which
hydrogen peroxide breaks down to
produce water and oxygen gas.
They begin monitoring a sample of
hydrogen peroxide and then add
catalase, an enzyme that speeds
up its breakdown. Their data are
shown in the table below.
Based on the data in this table,
during which of the following time
periods did the students add the
catalase to the hydrogen peroxide?
A. Between 0.0 and 0.5
B. Between 1.0 and 1.5
C. Between 2.0 and 2.5
D. Between 2.5 and 3.0
Answer:
B. Between 1.0 and 1.5
Sponge #10
8-24-12
How are enzymes important in the proper
functioning of the human body?
A. They keep the pH of the body within
acceptable levels.
B. They help essential biochemical reactions
occur fast enough to maintain homeostasis.
C. They enable the body to use energy to
produce food.
D. They provide cells with energy they need to
carry out life functions.
Answer:
B. They help essential biochemical
reactions occur fast enough to
maintain homeostasis.
Sponge #11
8-27-12
Which pair of structures best shows that
plant cells have functions different from
animal cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
Chloroplasts and cell walls
Nuclei and centrioles
Ribosomes and cell membranes
Answer:
B. Chloroplasts and cell walls
Sponge #12
8-28-12
Which of the following is NOT a principle
of the cell theory?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cells are the basic unit of life
All living things are made of cells
Very few cells reproduce
All cells are produced by existing cells
Answer:
C. Very few cells reproduce
Sponge #13
8-29-12
Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic
cells have the capacity to
A. assemble into multicellular organisms
B. establish symbiotic relationships with
other organisms
C. obtain energy from the Sun
D. store genetic information in the form of
DNA
Answer:
A. assemble into multicellular
organisms
Sponge #14
8-30-12
Which of the following is a function
of the nucleus?
A. Stores DNA
B. Controls most of the cell’s processes
C. Contains the information needed to
make proteins
D. All of the above
Answer:
D. All of the above
Sponge #15
8-31-12
A type of cell that can exist in a
broad range of environmental
conditions, can rapidly multiply, and
lacks a nucleus is known as what
type of cell?
A. animal
B. eukaryotic
C. plant
D. prokaryotic
Answer:
D. prokaryotic
Sponge #16
9-4-12
Which cell organelle is most directly
involved with the bonding of amino
acids?
A mitochondrion
B endoplasmic reticulum
C cell wall
D ribosome
Answer:
D ribosome
Sponge #17
9-5-12
Which organelle contains digestive
enzymes and breaks down food into
molecules the cell can use?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nucleolus
Lysosome
Chromatin
Cell wall
Answer:
B. Lysosome
Sponge #18
A.
B.
C.
D.
9-6-12
Some cells, such as human nerve and
muscle cells, contain many more
mitochondria than do other cells, such as
skin cells. Why do some cells have more
mitochondria than others?
The cells use more energy
The cells store more nutrients
The cells degrade more proteins
The cells divide more frequently
Answer:
A. The cells use more energy
Sponge #19
9-7-12
Which of the following is a function of
the cell membrane?
A. Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and
proteins from foods
B. Store water, salt, proteins, and
carbohydrates
C. Keeps cell wall in place
D. Regulates which materials enter and leave
the cell
Answer:
D. Regulates which materials
enter and leave the cell
Sponge #20
9-10-12
Passive transport differs from active
transport in that passive transport:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Uses ATP from the cell’s mitochondria
Requires twice as much energy to take place
Uses energy form the cell’s energy reserves
Does not require energy from ATP to take
place
Answer:
D. Does not require energy from ATP
to take place
Sponge #21
9-11-12
Osmosis is an example of
A. cytolysis.
B. active transport.
C. passive transport.
D. a chemical change.
Answer:
C. passive transport.
Sponge #22
9-12-12
Cells use passive and active transport to
move materials across cell membranes in
order to maintain a constant internal
environment. What is the process of
maintaining a constant internal
environment called?
A. diffusion
B. evolution
C. homeostasis
D. respiration
Answer:
C. homeostasis
Sponge #23
9-13-12
A red blood cell is placed in a 0.9% salt
solution. If there is a 0.1% salt solution
inside the cell, then the salt solution the
cell was placed in is:
A. isotonic.
B. hypotonic.
C. hypertonic.
D. hydrostatic.
Answer:
C. hypertonic.
Sponge #24
9-14-12
A plant cell is placed in hypotonic
solution. What will happen to the plant
cell?
A. It will swell.
B. It will shrink.
C. It will stay the same.
D. It will wilt.
Answer:
A. It will swell.
Sponge #25
9-17-12
Answer:
D. a virus
Sponge #26
9-18-12
Answer:
B. mitochondrion
Sponge #27
9-19-12
Answer:
A. selective permeability
Sponge #28
9-20-12
Answer:
C. The lysosome digest molecules.
Sponge #29
9-21-12
Which of the following types of cells
contain mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticula, and a golgi apparatus?
A. prokaryotic
B. eukaryotic
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B
Answer:
B. eukaryotic
Sponge #30
9-24-12
Photosynthesis takes place in which of
the following organelles?
A.
B.
C.
D.
mitochondria
chloroplasts
lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Answer:
B. chloroplasts
Sponge #31
9-25-12
Based on the method by which they get
food, organisms are classified as
autotrophs or heterotrophs. Which
organism listed below is correctly
paired with its metabolism?
A Mushroom-autotroph
B Human-heterotroph
C Grass-heterotroph
D Fish-autotroph
Answer:
B Human-heterotroph
Sponge #32
9-26-12
The picture models a
cellular metabolic
process. The main
purpose of this
process is to produce
A Phosphate groups
B Useable energy
C ADP
D. H2O
Answer:
B Useable energy
Sponge #33
9-27-12
A student observes that a type of
eubacteria contains chlorophyll. Which of
these does this type of bacteria have in
common with plants?
A It is photosynthetic.
B It contains vascular tissues.
C It contains mitochondria.
D It is heterotrophic.
Answer:
A It is photosynthetic.
Sponge #34
9-28-12
Students are studying the process of
photosynthesis in plants. Which of the
following is a product of photosynthesis?
A. carbon dioxide
B. nitrogen
C. water
D. sugar
Answer:
D. sugar
Sponge #35
10-1-12
Unlike photosynthesis, cellular
respiration occurs in
a. animal cells only
b. plant cells only
c. all but plant cells
d. all eukaryotic cells
Answer:
d. all eukaryotic cells
Sponge #36
10-2-12
Which of these is required for
aerobic cellular respiration?
A Carbon dioxide
B Sunlight
C Oxygen
D Chlorophyll
Answer:
C Oxygen
Sponge #37
10-3-12
Answer:
A. an enzyme
Sponge #38
10-4-12
Which of the following is released
when ATP is converted to ADP and
inorganic phosphate?
A. energy
B. oxygen
C. tannic acid
D. dihydrogen phosphate
Answer:
A. energy
Sponge #39
All cells must have a:
A. cell membrane.
B. cell wall.
C. nucleus.
D. nucleoli.
10-5-12
Answer:
A. cell membrane.
Sponge #40
10-8-12
Answer:
A. store energy
Sponge #41
10-9-12
A red blood cell was placed in pure
water. It would be expected to
A. shrink.
B. swell.
C. divide.
D. grow.
Answer:
B. swell
Sponge #42
10-10-12
Answer:
D. mitochondria
Sponge #43
10-11-12
The following equation describes which
process?
6H20 + 6CO2
C6H12O6 + 6O2
A. reduction
B. oxidation
C. photosynthesis
D. cellular respiration
Answer:
C. photosynthesis
Sponge #44
10-12-12
The process of asexual reproduction forms
offspring from
A. a single organism.
B. the process of mating.
C. male and female parents.
D. the joining of two sets of chromosomes.
Answer:
A. a single organism
Sponge #45
10-16-12
Why does sexual reproduction result in
greater diversity among offspring than
does asexual reproduction?
A Only mitosis must occur in sexual reproduction.
B New combinations of genes result from sexual
reproduction.
C Sexual reproduction may occur at a faster rate.
D Mutations are more likely to occur in asexual
reproduction.
Answer:
B New combinations of genes result from
sexual reproduction.
Sponge #46
10-17-12
Which is usually considered a
disadvantage of asexual
reproduction?
A. It is a fast method of
reproduction.
B. It produces a large number of
offspring.
C. It requires two parents.
D. It produces identical offspring.
Answer:
D. It produces identical
offspring.
Sponge #47
10-18-12
In sexual reproduction, what is the source
of the genetic material in a zygote?
A. an egg cell only
B. a sperm cell only
C. an egg cell and a sperm cell
D. an egg cell and a polar body
Answer:
C. an egg cell and a sperm cell
Sponge #48
10-19-12
What is the final outcome of mitosis?
A. Reproductive cells called gametes are
produced.
B. Two gametes unite to form a zygote.
C. Chromosomes are paired.
D. Nuclear material in the cell divides
equally.
Answer:
D. Nuclear material in the cell
divides equally.
Sponge #49
10-22-12
An animal cell containing 32 chromosomes
divides by mitosis. Each of the resulting
daughter cells goes through mitosis. The
cells that result each have:
A. 4 chromosomes.
B. 8 chromosomes.
C. 16 chromosomes.
D. 32 chromosomes.
Answer:
D. 32 chromosomes.
Sponge #50
10-23-12
Which process reduces the number
of chromosomes in a cell?
A. binary fission
B. crossing over
C. meiosis
D. mitosis
Answer:
C. meiosis
Sponge #51
10-24-12
Which is true of meiosis?
A. Identical cells are produced.
B. Haploid cells are produced.
C. Fertilized cells are produced.
D. Somatic cells are produced.
Answer:
B. Haploid cells are produced.
Sponge #52
10-25-12
In which way is meiosis different from
mitosis?
A. Meiosis produces cells without
nuclei.
B. Meiosis produces egg and sperm
cells.
C. Chromosomes divide during
mitosis but not during meiosis.
D. Mitosis results in cells with one
half the number of chromosomes.
Answer:
B. Meiosis produces egg
and sperm cells.
Sponge #53
10-26-12
The jimsonweed Datura stramonium,
normally has 12 chromosomes in the
body cells. How many chromosomes
will an egg cell of the weed have?
A 6 chromosomes
B 12 chromosomes
C 18 chromosomes
D 24 chromosomes
Answer:
A 6 chromosomes
Sponge #54
10-29-12
A scientist who specializes in studying how
organisms pass on traits from one generation to
the next would most likely have a college degree
in which of the following fields of Biology?
A. Ecology
B. Paleontology
C. Entomology
D. Genetics
Answer:
D. Genetics
Sponge #55
10-30-12
Who is known as the “Father of
Genetics”?
A. Mendel
B. Darwin
C. Einstein
D. Newton
Answer:
A. Mendel
Sponge #56
10-31-12
In Mendel’s experiments with a
single trait, the trait that disappeared in
the first generation and reappeared in the
next generation is called the
A homozygous trait
B dominant trait
C recessive trait
D heterozygous trait
Answer:
C recessive trait
Sponge #57
11-1-12
What ratio of the offspring from
the cross shown will be
homozygous recessive for the
trait of tallness?
A 0 in 4
B 1 in 4
C 2 in 4
D 4 in 4
Answer:
A 0 in 4
Sponge #58
11-2-12
A partial Punnett square is shown.
Which of the following statements describes the parental
genotypes that would result in this Punnett square?
A. Both parents are heterozygous.
B. Both parents are homozygous dominant.
C. One parent is homozygous recessive and the other
parent is heterozygous.
D. One parent is homozygous dominant and the other
parent is heterozygous.
Answer:
D. One parent is homozygous
dominant and the other
parent is heterozygous.
Sponge #59
11-5-12
What conclusion can be drawn from the
genetic information above?
A The white parent carried a dominant allele.
B All the F1 rabbits carried a recessive allele.
C All the white rabbits are heterozygous.
D All the black rabbits in the F2 generation are
homozygous.
Answer:
B All the F1 rabbits carried a recessive
allele.
Sponge #60
11-7-12
Which of the following genetic conditions results from a
problem with segregation?
A. Trisomy 16: a condition caused when a zygote
receives three copies of chromosome 16
B. Huntington’s disease: a condition caused when a
zygote receives a mutated dominant allele
C. Hemophilia: a condition caused when a zygote
receives an X chromosome with a particular recessive
allele
D. Sickle cell anemia: a condition caused when a
zygote receives a recessive allele for hemoglobin from
each parent
Answer:
A. Trisomy 16: a condition caused when a
zygote receives three copies of
chromosome 16
Sponge #61
11-8-12
Albino individuals lack all pigmentation so
that their hair and skin are white. This
family tree shows that albinism —
A is carried only by females in this family
B is a recessive genetic trait
C is a sex-linked gene
D requires both parents to be albinos
Answer:
B is a recessive genetic trait
Sponge #62
11-9-12
What are the possible gamete types that can
be produced from a parent who is YyRr?
A All YR
B All Yr
C YR, Yr, yR, and yr
D Half YR and half yr
Answer:
•
C YR, Yr, yR, and yr
Sponge #63
11-12-12
DNA and RNA are similar because
they both contain
A. deoxyribose.
B. nucleotides.
C. thymine.
D. double helices.
Answer:
B. nucleotides.
Sponge #64
11-13-12
Which of the following statements best
describes a DNA molecule?
A. It is a double helix.
B. It contains the sugar ribose.
C. It is composed of amino acids.
D. It contains the nitrogenous base
uracil.
Answer:
A. It is a double helix.
Sponge #65
11-14-12
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA,
the amount of adenine present is always
equal to the amount of
A. cytosine.
B. guanine.
C. thymine.
D. uracil.
Answer:
C. thymine.
Sponge #66
11-15-12
Which statement correctly describes the
difference between DNA and RNA?
A. RNA contains the base thymine, while DNA
contains the base uracil.
B. DNA contains the sugar ribose, while RNA
has the sugar deoxyribose.
C. RNA is shaped like a single chain, while
DNA is shaped like a double-helix.
D. RNA is always found inside the nucleus of a
cell, while DNA is often found outside of the
nucleus of a cell.
Answer:
C. RNA is shaped like a single chain,
while DNA is shaped like a doublehelix.
Sponge #67
11-16-12
What type of information-coding
biomolecule NEVER has uracil in its
sequence?
A. DNA
B. messenger RNA
C. ribosomal RNA
D. transfer RNA
Answer:
A. DNA
Sponge #68
11-26-12
The model of DNA used today was
proposed by James Watson and Francis
Crick in 1953. In this model, what
sequence of bases would be
complementary to A-G-C-T-A?
A A-G-C-T-A
B C-G-C-A-T
C A-T-C-G-A
D T-C-G-A-T
Answer:
D T-C-G-A-T
Sponge #69
11-27-12
The process of DNA replication is
necessary before a cell —
A makes a protein
B codes for RNA molecules
C divides into two cells
D modifies lysosome enzymes
Answer:
C divides into two cells
Sponge #70
11-28-12
The diagram below shows a strand of DNA matched to a
strand of messenger RNA.
What process does this diagram represent?
A. mutation
B. respiration
C. transcription
D. translation
Answer:
C. transcription
Sponge #71
11-29-12
What is the complimentary mRNA
sequence to the DNA sequence
A-T-T-G-C-A?
A T-A-A-C-G-T
B U-A-A-C-G-T
C U-A-A-C-G-U
D T-A-A-G-C-U
Answer:
C U-A-A-C-G-U
Sponge #72
11-30-12
In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by
arrow B is called —
A translation
B transcription
C replication
D osmosis
Answer:
A translation
Sponge #73
12-3-12
Which of the following best describes the
result of a mutation in an organism’s DNA?
A. The mutation may produce a zygote.
B. The mutation may cause phenotypic
change.
C. The mutation causes damage when it
occurs.
D. The mutation creates entirely new
organisms.
Answer:
B. The mutation may cause
phenotypic change.
Sponge #74
12-4-12
The diagram below represents part of a process that occurs
in cells.
Which process is represented?
A. meiosis
B. transcription
C. replication
D. translation
Answer:
D. translation
Sponge #75
12-5-12
The diagram shows the normal sequence of genes in a
particular chromosome. Which chromosome could have
resulted from a deletion that occurred in this
chromosome?
Answer:
A.
Sponge #76
12-6-12
Scientists can use genetic information to
identify people because it is unique
to each person. Which specific
characteristic is unique to an individual?
A The shape of the DNA molecules in cells
B The number of chromosomes in each cell
C The sequence of DNA nucleotides in cells
D The size of each chromosome in a cell
Answer:
C The sequence of DNA
nucleotides in cells
Sponge #77
12-7-12
Determining the paternity of a child
Helping doctors diagnose specific diseases
Identifying criminal suspects
All of these are functions of
A. electron microscopes.
B. DNA technology.
C. selective breeding.
D. nuclear medicine.
Answer:
B. DNA technology.
Sponge #78
The picture shows a segment of DNA
from a cat. Which of these is most
likely the kitten of this cat?
A1
B2
C3
D4
12-10-12
Answer:
D. 4
Sponge #79
12-11-12
Researchers inserted a gene for
bioluminescence into a variety of
organisms, such as mosquito
larvae. What is this technology called?
A gel electrophoresis
B polymerase chain reactions
C DNA sequencing
D genetic engineering
Answer:
D genetic engineering
Sponge #80
12-12-12
Which describes a current use of genetic
engineering?
A. identifying hereditary diseases
B. vaccinating a child for measles
C. making human insulin using bacteria
D. treating cancer with radiation therapy
Answer:
C. making human insulin using
bacteria
Sponge #81
12-13-12
Suppose that a gene for growth hormone is
discovered in cats. If a drug company wanted to massproduce the hormone by cloning the gene into
bacteria, what would it need to do?
A. place the cat gene into a plasmid and place the
plasmid into bacteria
B. make a DNA fingerprint of the cat gene and insert it
into bacteria
C. change the sequence of the bacteria's DNA so that
it makes the cat hormone
D. remove the nucleus of a cat cell and place it into
bacteria
Answer:
A. place the cat gene into a
plasmid and place the
plasmid into bacteria
Sponge #82
12-14-12
The nucleus is removed from a body cell of one
organism and is placed in an egg cell that has
had its nucleus removed. This process results
in the production of organisms that are
genetically alike. What is this process called?
A fertilization
B adaptation
C cloning
D inbreeding
Answer:
C cloning