Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Carbon is the element necessary to classify a compound as organic . . . One reason that carbon has its own branch of chemistry is that there are over 10 million known carbon compounds, and about 90% of new compounds synthesized each year contain carbon. Hydrocarbons - Most simple class of organic compounds contain hydrogen and carbon relatively ionic, polar, or nonpolar? alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics Alkanes – hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds… saturated H H H H—C—C—H H H—C=C—H H H H—C C—H Alkanes: General formula – CnH2n+2 C8H? Draw Structure Naming Prefixes Meth 1 Eth 2 Hex 6 Hept 7 Prop 3 Oct 8 4 Non 9 Pent 5 Dec 10 But Naming Prefixes Meth 1 Eth 2 Hex 6 Hept 7 Prop 3 Oct 8 4 Non 9 Pent 5 Dec 10 But Section 22.1 Read pages 762-765. Vocabulary list: Define the vocabulary words found on the first page of your notes pack. What element is necessary to classify a compound as organic? Day 3 5-14 1. Find the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, and use the name of this chain as the base name (prefix-ane). The longest chain will not always be written as a line. H example: H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H C—C—C H H H H H Heptane 2. Identify substituents (groups attached to the main chain). example: H H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H C—C—C H H H H H 3. Number the C atoms in the longeset chain so that substituents have the lowest #s possible (are closest to the beginning of the chain) H H H H H H H example: C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C—C—C H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H Substituent = group of additional atoms bonded to the longest carbon chain 4. Name and number each substituent group. Naming a substituent: Count the C atoms in substituent and use the prefix + yl example: H H H C H H H 2-methyl H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H H H H H H C—C—C H the H H 4-ethyl 5. When two or more substituents are present, list them in alphabetical order. H example: H C H H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H C—C—C H H H H 4-ethyl, 2-methyl-heptane H 6. When there are two or more of the same substituent, the # of substituents of that type is indicated by a prefix (di=two, tri=three, tetra=four, penta=five) example: H H C H H 2, 4-dimethyl-hexane H H H H C H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H Section 22.1 Read pages 764-771. Day 4 5-15 1. Name the following: H H H H H C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H C—C—C H H H H H Condensed structural formulas: - Notation which reveals the way in which atoms are bonded to one another but does not require drawing in all the bonds CH2C(CH3)CHCHCH2CH3 H H C H () indicate that is not part of the chain H H H H H H Lewis Structure CH3 H C=C—C=C—C—C H OR H CH2=C—CH=CH—CH2CH3 Condensed Structures Let’s draw CH2CHCH2CH3 Section 22.1 Read pages 766-767, review sample problem 22.1, problems 1 and 2 on page 767. Review section 22.1 AND complete #s 7-13 on page 771. 1. Draw the structural formula (complete or condensed) for 2,3-dimethylhexane. Day 5 5-18 Alkenes: - Alkenes (olefins) – hydrocarbons that include a double bond C=C - Naming: 1. Use the longest C-chain containing the H double bond H C H H H H H H C=C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H Alkenes: 2. Change ane ending to ene ending hexene 3. Chain is numbered so that the double bond has the lowest possible number H H H 1 C H H 2 3 H 4 H 5 H 6 C=C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H Alkenes: 4. Multiple double bonds are indicated with a prefix (di = 2, tri = 3, etc.) H H C H H H H H C=C—C=C—C—C H H H H H 1,3-dihexene Practice Naming: H H H H H C—C—C—C H H H H H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C—C H H H H H H C—C H H H H H 3-ethyl, 5-methylnonane Section 22.2 Read page 772. Alkynes: -Alkynes– hydrocarbons that include a triple bond C C - highly reactive; not as common in nature Alkynes: - Naming: 1. Use the longest C-chain containing the triple bond H H H H H H C—C—C—C—C H H H H C H H C—C H H H H Alkynes: 2. Change ane ending to yne ending 3. Chain is numbered so that the triple bond has the lowest possible number H 6 H H 5 H 4 H 3 2 H 1 C—C—C—C—C H H H H C H H H C—C H H H 1-hexyne Alkynes: 4. Multiple triple bonds are indicated with a prefix (di = 2, tri = 3, etc.) Quickly with your discussion partner: Draw: 2,3dimethyl, 4-octene + cylcohexane + CH3CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3. All drawings should be Lewis structures and also name the third drawing. Section 22.2 Read page 773. Review section 22.2 AND complete #s 14-18 on page 773.