Download 1 up to alkynes (4 days)

Carbon is the element necessary to
classify a compound as organic . . .
One reason that carbon has its own
branch of chemistry is that there are
over 10 million known carbon
compounds, and about 90% of new
compounds synthesized each year
contain carbon.
Hydrocarbons - Most simple class of
organic compounds
contain hydrogen and carbon
relatively ionic, polar, or nonpolar?
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and
aromatics
Alkanes – hydrocarbons that contain
only single bonds… saturated
H
H
H
H—C—C—H
H
H—C=C—H
H
H
H—C
C—H
Alkanes:
General formula – CnH2n+2
C8H?
Draw Structure
Naming Prefixes
Meth 1
Eth
2
Hex
6
Hept 7
Prop 3
Oct
8
4
Non
9
Pent 5
Dec
10
But
Naming Prefixes
Meth 1
Eth
2
Hex
6
Hept 7
Prop 3
Oct
8
4
Non
9
Pent 5
Dec
10
But
Section 22.1
Read pages 762-765.
Vocabulary list: Define the
vocabulary words found on the
first page of your notes pack.
What element is necessary to classify
a compound as organic?
Day 3
5-14
1. Find the longest continuous chain of
carbon atoms, and use the name of this
chain as the base name (prefix-ane). The
longest chain will not always be written as
a line.
H
example:
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
Heptane
2. Identify substituents (groups attached to
the main chain).
example:
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
3. Number the C atoms in the longeset
chain so that substituents have the lowest
#s possible (are closest to the beginning
of the chain)
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
example:
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Substituent = group of
additional atoms bonded to
the longest carbon chain
4. Name and number each substituent group.
Naming a substituent: Count the C atoms in
substituent and use the prefix + yl
example:
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
2-methyl
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C
H
the
H
H
4-ethyl
5. When two or more substituents are
present, list them in alphabetical order.
H
example:
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C
H
H
H
H
4-ethyl, 2-methyl-heptane
H
6. When there are two or more of the same
substituent, the # of substituents of that
type is indicated by a prefix (di=two,
tri=three, tetra=four, penta=five)
example:
H
H
C
H
H
2, 4-dimethyl-hexane
H
H H
H
C
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
Section 22.1
Read pages 764-771.
Day 4 5-15
1. Name the following:
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
Condensed structural formulas:
- Notation which reveals the way in which atoms
are bonded to one another but does not require
drawing in all the bonds
CH2C(CH3)CHCHCH2CH3
H
H
C
H
() indicate that is not
part of the chain
H
H
H
H
H
H
Lewis Structure
CH3
H
C=C—C=C—C—C
H
OR
H
CH2=C—CH=CH—CH2CH3
Condensed Structures
Let’s draw CH2CHCH2CH3
Section 22.1
Read pages 766-767, review sample
problem 22.1, problems 1 and 2 on page
767.
Review section 22.1 AND complete #s 7-13
on page 771.
1. Draw the structural formula (complete
or condensed) for 2,3-dimethylhexane.
Day 5 5-18
Alkenes:
- Alkenes (olefins) – hydrocarbons that
include a double bond C=C
- Naming:
1. Use the longest C-chain containing the
H
double bond
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C=C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
Alkenes:
2. Change ane ending to ene ending
hexene
3. Chain is numbered so that the double
bond has the lowest possible number
H
H
H
1
C
H
H
2
3
H
4
H
5
H
6
C=C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
Alkenes:
4. Multiple double bonds are indicated
with a prefix (di = 2, tri = 3, etc.)
H
H
C
H
H
H
H
H
C=C—C=C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
1,3-dihexene
Practice Naming:
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C
H
H
H
H
H
3-ethyl, 5-methylnonane
Section 22.2
Read page 772.
Alkynes:
-Alkynes– hydrocarbons that include a
triple bond C C
- highly reactive; not as common in
nature
Alkynes:
- Naming:
1. Use the longest C-chain containing the
triple bond
H
H
H
H
H
H
C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
C—C
H
H
H
H
Alkynes:
2. Change ane ending to yne ending
3. Chain is numbered so that the triple
bond has the lowest possible number
H
6
H
H
5
H
4
H
3
2
H
1
C—C—C—C—C
H
H
H
H
C
H
H
H
C—C
H
H
H
1-hexyne
Alkynes:
4. Multiple triple bonds are indicated
with a prefix (di = 2, tri = 3, etc.)
Quickly with your discussion partner: Draw: 2,3dimethyl, 4-octene + cylcohexane +
CH3CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3. All drawings should be
Lewis structures and also name the third drawing.
Section 22.2
Read page 773.
Review section 22.2 AND complete #s 14-18
on page 773.