Download ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
WHO IS MENDELEEV?
Scientist who first developed
a Periodic Table
 1869
 based arrangement on
chemical and physical
properties of elements
known at the time

PROTONS & THE ATOMIC NUMBER
the number of protons in an atom
 Determines the identity of the element
 each element has its own unique atomic #
 increases as you move left to right in the
Periodic Table

• Always top #
• Identifies element
• # of protons for
that atom only
6
C
12
Carbon
PERIODS
rows going across the Periodic Table
 Periods (the rows) are based on # of electron
energy levels
 atomic number increases by 1 as you move to
each element in period
 properties of the elements change in
predictable patterns across the period

Period 1:
1 e- level
Period 2:
2 e- levels
Period 3:
3 e- levels
Period 4:
4 e- levels
Period 5:
5 e- levels
Period 6:
6 e- levels
Period 7:
7 e- levels
Ta Da!
The Periodic
Table!
GROUPS
columns going down the Periodic Table
 also called Families
 Groups (the columns) are based on the
elements having similar properties (all
elements in each group have similar properties)

Group 1 = Alkali Metals (most reactive) 1 valence electron
Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals
2 valence electrons
Group 17 = Halogens (combine to form salts)
7 valence electrons
Groups 13-16 = BCNO group
3-6 valence electrons
Groups 3-12 =Transition Metals
# electrons varies
Group 18 =
Nobel Gases
(least reactive)
8 valence
electrons
Lanthanides &
Actinides Many are
radioactive, also
called rare earth
metals
Ta Da!
The Periodic Table!
GROUP NAMES
Group 1 = Alkali Metals (most reactive) 1 valence electron
 Group 2 = Alkaline Earth Metals 2 valence electrons
 Groups 3-12 =Transition Metals # electrons varies
 Groups 13-16 = BCNO group 3-6 valence electrons
 Group 17 = Halogens (combine to form salts)
7 valence electrons
 Group 18 = Nobel Gases (least reactive) 8 valence
electrons
 Lanthanides & Actinides - Many are radioactive, also called
rare earth metals

METALS
Use physical and chemical properties to
classify an element as a metal
 Physical properties of metals:

 Hardness
 Luster
= shiny
 Malleability = ability to be pounded into sheets
or shapes
 Ductility = ability to be stretched into wire
 Conductors of heat and electricity
 Some have magnetism
METALS (CONT.)
Chemical properties of metals:
 Different levels of reactions; some highly
reactive, others nonreactive
 Location in the periodic table:

 To
the left of the “zigzag” line
 Lanthanides and Actinides
NONMETALS


Use properties to classify elements as a nonmetal
Physical properties of nonmetals:





Opposite of metals
Dull
Brittle
Poor conductors
Chemical properties:


Different levels though generally less reactive than
metals
Readily form compounds
NONMETALS (CONT.)

Location in the periodic table:
 To
the right of the “zigzag” line and Hydrogen
METALLOIDS
Have varying properties of both metals and
nonmetals
 Location in the periodic table:

7
of the elements around the “zigzag”
 Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony,
Tellurium, and Astatine