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Chapter 5
Study Guide
Section 1
 Vocabulary: Periodic Table
 Lavoisier Mendeleev (1860)
o # of known elements at his timeo what inspired his approach to the periodic tableo made a “deck of cards”
o what patterns did he noticeo what was his final arrangement of the periodic tableo what was missing in his tableo how did he predict undiscovered elementso was he the first to make a periodic tableo what does the placement of the elements reveal links betweeno how were his predictionsSection 2
 Vocabulary: period, group, periodic law, atomic mass unit (amu), metals, transition
metals, nonmetals, metalloids
 How is the modern periodic table arranged How are elements related in groups Why is the gram measurement unit not useful for element mass What is the convenient way to compare masses of atoms Know the different ways to classify elements:
o 1st- based on their state at room temperature (know their location)
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o 2nd- naturally occurring or not
 which ones do not occur naturallyo 3rd- based on their general properties
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 Metals: location, know characteristics (ex: what is ductile), where are the transition
metals (what is one property that many of the transition metals share?)
 Nonmetals: location, know characteristics
 What is the most reactive nonmetal Metalloids: where are they, characteristics
 How do elements vary across a period Most reactive metals are where Most reactive nonmetals are whereSection 3- Representative Groups
 Vocabulary: valence electron, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases
 Why is Hydrogen on the left side of the periodic table What is the difference between electrons and valence electrons
 How does the number of valence electrons vary across a period Know the families (groups)
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Alkali Metals
 location
 # of valence electrons
 reactivity
 why are sodium and potassium stored under oil
Alkaline Earth Metals
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Magnesium
 Key role in photosynthesis
 Mixture of Mg and other metals is strong as steel, but lighter
 Calcium
 Bones need it
 Calcium carbonate: Ca, C, O
 Chalk, limestone, coral, pearls
Boron Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust
Carbon Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Silicon is the 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust
Nitrogen Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 nitrogen and phosphorus are used in what
Oxygen Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust; ozone
 Sulfur: one of the first elements discovered
Halogens
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 reactivity (high or low); which is most reactiveNoble Gases
 Location
 # of valence electrons, what is the exception
 characteristics
Lanthanide Series
 Location
Actinide Series
 Location