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Chapter 5
Study Guide
Section 1
 Vocabulary: Periodic Table
 Lavoisier Mendeleev (1860)
o # of known elements at his timeo what inspired his approach to the periodic tableo made a “deck of cards”
o what patterns did he noticeo what was his final arrangement of the periodic tableo what was missing in his tableo how did he predict undiscovered elements
o was he the first to make a periodic tableo what does the placement of the elements reveal links betweeno how were his predictionsSection 2
 Vocabulary: period, group, periodic law, atomic mass unit (amu), metals,
transition metals, nonmetals, metalloids
 How are sounds of musical notes related to the periodic table How is the modern periodic table arranged How are elements related in groups Why is the gram measurement unit not useful for element mass What is the convenient way to compare masses of atoms Know the different ways to classify elements:
o 1st- based on their state at room temperature (know their location)
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o 2nd- naturally occurring or not
 which ones do not occur naturallyo 3rd- based on their general properties
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 Metals: location, know characteristics (ex: what is ductile), where are the
transition metals (what is one property that many of the transition metals
share?)
 Nonmetals: location, know characteristics
 What is the most reactive nonmetal Metalloids: where are they, characteristics
 How do elements vary across a period Most reactive metals are where Most reactive nonmetals are where-
Section 3- Representative Groups
 Vocabulary: valence electron, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble
gases
 Why is Hydrogen on the left side of the periodic table What is the difference between electrons and valence electrons
 How does the number of valence electrons vary across a period Know the families (groups)
o Alkali Metals
 location
 # of valence electrons
 reactivity
 why are sodium and potassium stored under oil
o Alkaline Earth Metals
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Magnesium
 Key role in photosynthesis
 Mixture of Mg and other metals is strong as steel, but lighter
 Calcium
 Bones need it
 Calcium carbonate: Ca, C, O
 Chalk, limestone, coral, pearls
o Boron Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust
o Carbon Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Silicon is the 2nd most abundant element in Earth’s crust
o Nitrogen Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 nitrogen and phosphorus are used in what
o Oxygen Family
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust; ozone
 Sulfur: one of the first elements discovered
o Halogens
 Location
 # of valence electrons
 reactivity (high or low); which is most reactiveo Noble Gases
 Location
 # of valence electrons, what is the exception
 characteristics
o Lanthanide Series
 Location
o Actinide Series
 Location