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Medieval Europe Name: 1. Date: Which was a major result of the Crusades? A. the development of new economic interests for Europe B. the permanent dominance of Christianity in the Middle East C. a decentralization of the power of the Roman Catholic Church 4. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies. D. a lessening in the power and in uence of the European middle class 2. Base your answer to the following question on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. The illustration represents a society based on “the: : : relationship was essentially a contract between lord and vassal which was de ned and enforced by mutual agreement. : : : It was assumed that lord and vassal had a common interest—the welfare of the ef.” A. social class B. educational achievement C. accumulated wealth D. political ability —Sidney Painter Which political system is described in this quotation? 3. A. pure democracy B. absolute monarchy C. feudalism D. fascism 5. Which is the most valid generalization about the Crusades? A. The Crusades strengthened the power of the serfs in Europe. In Europe, a long-term e ect of the Crusades was B. A. the strengthening of the feudal system The Crusades increased trade between Europe and Asia. C. B. the adoption of Islamic religious practices The Crusades brought European in uence to Africa. C. an increased demand for goods from the East D. The Crusades supported the idea of religious tolerance. D. increased European isolation page1 6. Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades? A. Europeans maintained a lasting control over much of the Middle East. B. Islamic in uence dominated Europe. C. Europeans developed tolerance of non-Christian religions. 10. 11. Which is a characteristic of a feudal society? A. rapid social change B. high literacy rate C. industrial-based economy 12. An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the B. weakening of the power of the middle class in Europe C. growth of trade between Europe and Asia An important contribution of feudalism was that it A. advanced the ideals of a democratic society B. provided for some law and order in society C. strengthened the powers of the monarchy One major result of the Crusades was the A. permanent occupation of the Holy Land by the Europeans A. increased tension between Muslims and Christians B. long-term decrease in European trade B. destruction of Muslim military power C. conversion of most Muslims to Christianity C. creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea D. spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe D. restoration of the Byzantine Empire 9. conversion of the majority of Europeans to Protestantism D. fostered the idea of a classless society D. rigid class structure 8. A. D. development of feudalism in Europe D. Trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded. 7. A major result of the Crusades was the 13. Medieval life in Europe was characterized by During the feudal periods in Japan and Europe, a family's wealth was mainly determined by the A. limited social mobility A. amount of land the family controlled B. a strong central government B. number of children in the family C. a thriving system of international trade C. size of the castles built by the family D. rejection of the teachings of the Christian church D. value of the family's gifts to religious leaders page2 Medieval Europe 14. The Crusades have been called “history's most successful failures.” 16. Which statement best explains this expression? A. The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe. B. Although the Crusaders captured the Holy Land, they were unable to bring about democratic reforms. C. The Crusades helped bring about the fall of the Roman Empire. Base your answer to the following question on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. “Come then, with all your people and give battle with all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall into the hands of the Turks. : : : Therefore act while there is still time lest the kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from your sight. : : : And in your coming you will nd your reward in heaven. : : : ” — Emperor Alexius Comnenus, quoted in The Dream and the Tomb Which event is referred to in this quotation? D. The Crusaders prevented the Turks from capturing Constantinople for many centuries. A. Enlightenment B. French Revolution C. Glorious Revolution D. Crusades 17. 15. A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to A. establish Christianity in western Europe B. capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers C. unite warring Arab peoples One result of the Crusades was an increase in trade between the Middle East and A. East Asia B. Africa C. North America D. Europe D. strengthen English dominance in the Arab world 18. page3 In western Europe, the Middle Ages began after the collapse of which empire? A. Mughal B. Roman C. Ottoman D. Byzantine Medieval Europe 19. Which heading would be best for the partial outline below? 21. I. Which factor contributed to the decline in the power of the European nobles in the late Middle Ages? A. decreasing importance of towns and cities B. collapse of international trade B. Defense of the Holy Land C. rise of nation-states C. Forgiveness of sins D. increase in the in uence of serfs A. Desire to be released from feudal obligations D. Desire for wealth from the Middle East A. Reasons for the Reformation B. European Motives for Fighting the Crusades C. Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire D. Reasons for the Split Between the Eastern and Western Churches 20. 22. “: : : Christian warriors, He who gave His life for you, today demands yours in return. These are combats worthy of you, combats in which it is glorious to conquer and advantageous to die. Illustrious knights, generous defenders of the Cross, remember the examples of your fathers who conquered Jerusalem, and whose names are inscribed in Heaven; abandon then the things that perish, to gather unfading palms, and conquer a Kingdom which has no end.” Which circumstance best describes a long-term result of the Crusades? A. Muslim control of Jerusalem ended. B. Feudalism began in western Europe. C. Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew. D. Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace. — St. Bernard of Clairvaux This statement was most likely used to encourage people to A. repel a Viking invasion B. stop advancement of the Huns in Europe C. join the Crusades D. force Russians to convert to Catholicism page4 Medieval Europe 23. Base your answer to the following question on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. 25. Which heading best completes the partial outline below? : : : For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as having begun nearly a millennium of con ict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as representing the constant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars say that is a more recent and inaccurate view of the Crusades. : : : I. A. Escape feudal oppression B. Earn salvation from sins C. Recapture the Holy Land — Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR A. Goals of the Hanseatic League The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never really were in the rst place. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt to bring the fruits of European civilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthy power was the Muslim world. Europe was the Third World. : : : B. Reasons for Europeans to Fight the Crusades C. Results of the Reconquista D. Aims of Charlemagne — Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the West and Middle East, NPR, All Things Considered, August 17, 2004 26. Speaker A: These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades A. has been neglected by experts B. was of little importance C. is the subject of debate and interpretation Speaker B: Speaker C: increase in trade B. colonization of the Americas C. development of the manorial system We must go forth to heal the split between the churches. Which speaker is expressing an economic motive for the Crusades? A. 27. What was one of the primary reasons for the spread of the bubonic plague? A. We must ght to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah. Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked. Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of pro table trade routes. D. illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding 24. Base your answers to the following questions on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. A B. B C. D. D C One long-term e ect of the Crusades was the A. development of Pax Mongolia B. fall of the Ming dynasty C. control of Jerusalem by Europeans D. growth of trade and towns in western Europe D. economic decline page5 Medieval Europe 28. Which statement best explains the relationship among groups of people under feudalism? A. All classes received equal treatment before the law. B. Social classes were determined primarily by educational achievements. C. Obligations among social classes were clearly de ned. 31. Which was common to both European and Japanese feudalism? A. ourishing trade B. development of industry C. cultural diversity D. decentralized government D. Strong national governments passed laws to maintain class structures. 32. 29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which was most responsible for bringing about the decline of feudalism in Western Europe? A. fall of the Roman Empire B. revival of trade and commerce C. spread of the Protestant Reformation D. weakening of the power of absolute monarchs 33. Which economic concept can be inferred from this diagram? 30. A. self-su ciency B. in ation C. trade embargo D. competition In Europe, the Crusades resulted in A. a greater isolation of the region from the world B. an increased demand for goods from the Middle East and Asia C. the adoption of Islam as the o cial religion of many European nations D. the strengthening of the feudal system Which was an important cause of the rise of feudalism in Europe? 34. Which was a characteristic of European feudalism? A. existence of many small semi-independent units weakness of central government authority B. emphasis on individual liberties political ideas brought back by the Crusaders C. public participation in decisionmaking A. increasing power of the Catholic Church B. C. D. growth of national monarchies D. equal division of labor page6 Medieval Europe 35. 36. Which term best describes a society in which the landed aristocracy has most of the wealth and political power? A. feudal B. C. socialist D. utopian 38. The paragraph below describes conditions in areas of Europe during the 9th century. The barbarians sacked towns and villages. They burned down the churches and departed with a crowd of captives. commercial Which was a result of the conditions described above? extensive contact with citizens of other countries B. opportunity for social mobility C. domination by a military class Treaties with the barbarians eventually led to their withdrawal. B. National armies were formed to combat the barbarians. C. Nations joined together for collective security. D. Individuals surrendered many of their rights to local lords in return for protection. Which was a common feature of feudal societies in both Japan and Europe? A. A. 39. D. strong central government A direct result of the Crusades was that A. the pope lost control of the Church B. Europeans increased their demands for goods from the East C. Christians gained permanent control of the Holy Land D. nobles gained power over the monarchs 37. Which factor contributed most to the rise of the feudal system in Europe? A. development of trade routes B. in uence of the medieval church C. strength of the nobles 40. D. weakness of the central governments Which was a characteristic of feudalism in both medieval Europe and Japan? A. The middle class acquired more power than any other class did. B. Political power was held by a strong centralized government. C. The army encouraged strong nationalistic feelings among the people. D. All the people knew their roles in a rigid class system. page7 Medieval Europe 41. One important e ect of the Crusades on western Europe was that they A. led to a decline in the importance of the church in western Europe B. furthered cultural di usion throughout western Europe C. introduced the Industrial Revolution to western Europe 44. What were two indirect results of the Crusades? 45. Feudalism in Western Europe was similar to feudalism in Japan in that A. power was based on class relationships B. the national government controlled the nobility C. social mobility was easily achieved 46. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Speaker B: Speaker C: Speaker D: A All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of government to protect these natural rights of its citizens. Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. Only then will we be successful. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experience of war. B. B C. C Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was strengthened. C. Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened. Feudal societies are generally characterized by A. an emphasis on social order B. a representative government C. many economic opportunities The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by A. forcing the relgious conversion of the Muslim population B. forcing the Turks to ee from Constantinople C. stimulating European demand for goods from the East D. increasing the power of the feudal lords Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as those of the nation. The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature. 47. Which speaker's statement expresses the idea of divine right? A. B. D. the protection of political rights D. most of the people lived in cities 43. Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was strengthened. D. Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was weakened. D. ended the western European quest for an overseas empire 42. A. D. D In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by A. middle-class merchants B. peasant farmers C. radical revolutionaries D. warrior aristocrats page8 Medieval Europe 48. Which was a characteristic of feudalism? A. Land was exchanged for military service and obligations. B. Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants. C. Power rested in the hands of a strong central government. 52. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies. D. Uni ed national court systems were developed. 49. In European feudal society, an individual's social status was generally determined by A. birth B. education and training C. individual abilities This illustration suggests that the European feudal system was D. marriage A. designed to promote political and economic equality B. controlled by a powerful middle class C. intended to provide opportunities for social mobility D. supported by the labor of the peasants 50. Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages? A. free market B. socialism C. manorialism D. command 53. 51. The growth of feudalism in Europe during the Middle Ages was primarily caused by the A. rivalry between the colonial empires B. suppression of internationalism C. decline of the Roman Catholic Church Feudalism in uenced Europe and Japan by A. providing social stability B. fostering the growth of religion C. eliminating warfare D. encouraging formal education D. collapse of a strong central government page9 Medieval Europe 54. “Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided citizen, how among neighbours was scarce found any that shewed fellow-feeling for another, how kinsfolk held aloof, and never met, or but rarely; enough that this sore a iction entered so deep into the minds of men and women, that in the horror thereof brother was forsaken by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and oftentimes husband by wife; nay, what is more, and scarcely to be believed, fathers and mothers were found to abandon their own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been strangers. : : : ” 56. During the feudal period in Europe, power and position in society were based on the A. amount of money earned B. level of education achieved C. number of slaves owned D. amount of land possessed Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron The author of this passage was describing the A. breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague B. power of special courts during the Inquisition C. treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations 57. Which heading best ts the partial outline below? D. outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s I. A. People become more aware of the outside world. 55. B. Merchant and craft guilds help commercial centers grow into cities. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of social studies. C. Trade routes develop to supply the growing demand for new products. D. Monarchs centralize control and increase their power. guilds B. C. banking D. agriculture Seljuk Turks Dominate Europe B. Democracy Ends in Eastern Europe C. Feudalism Declines in Western Europe D. Religion Becomes Powerful Force in Europe Most economic activities on this feudal manor were related to A. A. industry page10 Medieval Europe 58. “Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided citizen, how among neighbours was scarce found any that shewed fellow-feeling for another, how kinsfolk held aloof, and never met, or but rarely; enough that this sore a iction entered so deep into the minds of men and women, that in the horror thereof brother was forsaken by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and oftentimes husband by wife; nay, what is more, and scarcely to be believed, fathers and mothers were found to abandon their own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been strangers. : : : ” 61. Base your answer to the following question on the illustration below and on your knowledge of social studies. A Typical Manor Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron The author of this passage was describing the A. breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague B. power of special courts during the Inquisition C. treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations D. outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s 59. The term feudalism is best de ned as a A. holy war between Christians and Muslims B. process in which goods are traded for other goods C. division of political power between three separate branches Source: Philip Lee Ralph, World Civilizations at Norton online (adapted) What does this illustration show about a typical manor? D. system in which land is exchanged for military service and loyalty A. All residents were treated equally. B. Secular values in society were stressed. C. There were a large number of factories. D. People depended on agricultural production. 60. In western Europe, feudalism developed after the A. Roman Empire collapsed B. Renaissance began C. city of Constantinople fell D. Mongols invaded page11 Medieval Europe 62. An economic reason for the institution of serfdom was to maintain A. an educated citizenry B. a stable workforce C. overseas trade 65. D. religious uniformity “Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided citizen, how among neighbours was scarce found any that shewed fellow-feeling for another, how kinsfolk held aloof, and never met, or but rarely; enough that this sore a iction entered so deep into the minds of men and women, that in the horror thereof brother was forsaken by brother, nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and oftentimes husband by wife; nay, what is more, and scarcely to be believed, fathers and mothers were found to abandon their own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, as if they had been strangers. : : : ” Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron The author of this passage was describing the 63. Base your answers to the following questions on the speakers' statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Speaker B: Speaker C: Speaker D: We must ght to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah. Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked. A. breakdown of social order during the bubonic plague B. power of special courts during the Inquisition C. treatment of native peoples in Latin American nations D. outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s We must go forth to heal the split between the churches. An investment in ships and knights will yield control of pro table trade routes. Which speaker expresses a Muslim perspective during the Crusades? A. A B. B C. C D. D 66. 64. One way Japanese feudalism during the Tokugawa shogunate was di erent from European feudalism is that during this period of Japanese feudalism A. political power was more centralized B. foreign missionaries were welcomed C. emperors were overthrown in coups d'etat Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe and in 16th- and 17th-century North and South America? A. rise of nation-states B. outbreak of the Black Death and smallpox C. fall of Constantinople D. introduction of new military technologies D. most wealthy merchants were able to attain high social status page12 Medieval Europe 67. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 68. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which groups of people were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death? A. merchants and pilgrims B. bankers and explorers C. missionaries and slave traders D. soldiers and diplomats The principal cause of the trend in England shown in the graph was page13 A. famine B. disease C. immigration D. a lower birthrate Medieval Europe 69. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 71. 1340s–Mongols, merchants, and other travelers carried disease along trade routes west of China. 1346—The plague reached the Black Sea ports of Ca a and Tana. 1347—Italian merchants ed plague-infected Black Sea ports. 1348—The plague became an epidemic in most of western Europe. Which conclusion can be made based on these statements? Which area of Europe was least a ected by the Black Death? A. southwestern Europe B. Mediterranean Coast C. eastern Europe The plague primarily a ected China. B. The interaction of people spread the plague. C. Port cities were relatively untouched by the plague. D. The plague started in western Europe. 72. D. British Isles 70. A. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. In western Europe during the early Middle Ages, education declined as a direct result of the A. rediscovery of classical Greek civilization B. loss of the power of the Christian Church C. fall of the Roman Empire Which geographic theme is the focus of this map? D. rise of absolute monarchs A. Regions: How They Form and Change B. Movement: Humans Interacting on Earth C. Location: Position on the Earth's Surface D. Place: Physical and Human Characteristics page14 Medieval Europe 73. The rapid changes that occurred during the late Middle ages in Europe had the e ect of A. expanding the in uence of the feudal lords B. strengthening the power of monarchies C. eliminating religion as a form of social control 75. D. limiting the power of the merchant class Which statement about the impact of the AIDS epidemic in both Africa and Southeast Asia is most accurate? A. Life expectancy in both regions is declining. B. The availability of low-cost drugs has cured most of those infected. C. The introduction of awareness programs has eliminated the threat of the disease. D. Newborn babies and young children have not been a ected by the disease. 74. Base your answer to the following question on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 76. Base your answer on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. First Incidence of Black Death in Europe and Asia, 1333–1351 The map shows that the Black Death A. began in England and Ireland and then spread eastward B. spread slowly over several decades C. a ected most areas of western Europe Source: Decameron Web, Brown University (Adapted) The information on this map suggests that the Black Death was primarily spread by the actions of D. was most severe in Italy page15 A. invading armies B. nomadic peoples C. merchants D. explorers Medieval Europe 77. Which action is linked to the spread of the Black Death to Europe during the 14th century? A. trade with Asia B. conquest of Japan C. trade across the Sahara 80. D. exploration of the Western Hemisphere The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by A. the manor system and the importance of land ownership B. absolute monarchies and strong central governments C. decreased emphasis on religion in daily life D. extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East 78. The bubonic plague a ected economic development in medieval times by A. 81. encouraging the introduction of new types of crops B. causing production to decline and prices to rise C. sparking the ideas of socialism and reform 82. During the 14th century, the Black Death became a widespread epidemic primarily because of A. the resurgence of trade B. Chinese overseas exploration C. European colonial policies A. Europe's population severely declined. B. Democracy in the Middle East grew. C. Cultural di usion increased. D. Slavery was eliminated. D. destroying the guild system 79. What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? D. new agricultural practices As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in western Europe can be attributed to the A. economic policies of the Roman Empire B. increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades C. strength of Christianity in medieval Europe D. self-su ciency of the manor system page16 Medieval Europe Problem-Attic format version 4.4.172 c 2011–2013 EducAide Software _ Licensed for use by Chad White Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com Medieval Europe 04/21/2013 1. Answer: A 20. Answer: C 2. Answer: C 21. Answer: C 3. Answer: C 22. Answer: B 4. Answer: A 23. Answer: C 5. Answer: B 24. Answer: A 6. Answer: D 25. Answer: B 7. Answer: D 26. Answer: D 8. Answer: A 27. Answer: D 9. Answer: A 28. Answer: C 10. Answer: C 29. Answer: A 11. Answer: B 30. Answer: B 12. Answer: D 31. Answer: D 13. Answer: A 32. Answer: B 14. Answer: A 33. Answer: B 15. Answer: B 34. Answer: A 16. Answer: D 35. Answer: A 17. Answer: D 36. Answer: C 18. Answer: B 37. Answer: D 19. Answer: B 38. Answer: D Teacher's Key 39. Answer: B 61. Answer: D 40. Answer: D 62. Answer: B 41. Answer: B 63. Answer: A 42. Answer: A 64. Answer: A 43. Answer: B 65. Answer: A 44. Answer: C 66. Answer: B 45. Answer: A 67. Answer: A 46. Answer: C 68. Answer: B 47. Answer: D 69. Answer: C 48. Answer: A 70. Answer: C 49. Answer: A 71. Answer: B 50. Answer: C 72. Answer: B 51. Answer: D 73. Answer: B 52. Answer: D 74. Answer: C 53. Answer: A 75. Answer: A 54. Answer: A 76. Answer: C 55. Answer: D 77. Answer: A 56. Answer: D 78. Answer: B 57. Answer: C 79. Answer: A 58. Answer: A 80. Answer: A 59. Answer: D 81. Answer: C 60. Answer: A 82. Answer: B Page 2