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RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LIVING THINGS Day 3 Interactions Among Living Things • Living things depend on one another for survival • An organism may have multiple relationships, depending on the organism it interacts with Competition • Can be between same species or different species • Occurs when resources are limited: – – – – Food Water Space Mate • Fight occurs in order to gain resources needed Predation • An animal catches and feeds on the captured organism • Predator-hunter • Prey-hunted Symbiotic Relationships: MUTUALISM • Symbiosis-a close relationship between organisms that last over a period of time • Mutualism – Both organisms benefit from the relationship – Benefit include food, shelter, protection Plover and Crocodile Symbiotic Relationship: PARASITISM • One species benefits but the other specie gets harmed from the relationship • Benefit can be food, shelter or protection • Parasite-benefits – May reside inside (endoparasite) or outside (ectoparasite) Mosquito and Human • Host-gets harmed • The parasite has to ensure that the host does not die. – What happens if the host dies? Tapeworm and Human Symbiotic Relationship: COMMENSALISM • A relationship wherein one benefits while the other one neither benefits, nor gets harmed or dies. • Commensal- the organism that benefits • Host- the organism that neither benefits nor gets harmed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGRuen6BMbw Ecological Relationships: EXAMPLES Video Segments: The Secret World of Sharks and Rays | Nature | PBS Video Segments: The Secret World of Sharks and Rays | Nature | PBS Symbiotic Relationships: 1. Yellow- billed Oxpecker eating ticks off the back of a Hippo. Mutualism 2. Elf Owl and Roadrunner both trying to eat an insect. Competition 3. Coral provides home for algae. Algae produces food for coral. Mutualism 4. Tiger hunting a rabbit. Predation 5. Wasp lays eggs on Tomato Hornworn caterpillar. Eggs hatch, burrow into caterpillar and eat it for food. Parasitism 6. Red-tailed Hawk builds nest in branches of Saguaro catcus. Cactus is not harmed. Commensalism SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST What does “Survival of the Fittest” mean? Nature’s way of determining traits needed by an organism to help it’s species survive- Natural Selection The traits that help an organism survive in a particular environment /habitat http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=natural+selection About.com: http://science.discovery.com/videos/100-greatestdiscoveries-shorts-natural-selection.html The Mono Lake Story The Mono Lake Story - YouTube Is there a relationship which you think is the best? Why do you say so? Picture sources • • • • • • • • susty.com thefeltsource.com myfourthirds.com catalog.beacon-ridge.com static.seekingalpha.com classes.dma.ucla.edu Bcscience.com bio.miami.edu • • • • • physicalgeography.net webecoist.com themain-ingredient.info ncwildlife.org wikimedia.org