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The Northern Renaissance Chapter 17 Section 2 The Northern Renaissance Begins The population of northern Europe, which had declined due to bubonic plague, was beginning to grow again. Many cities grew rapidly Urban merchants became wealth enough to sponsor artists The first city where this happened was in Flanders England and France were unified under strong monarchs rather than in city-states as in Italy Rulers often sponsored the arts Renaissance ides were beginning to mingle with northern traditions Artistic Ideas spread Many Italian artists and writers left for a safer life in Northern Europe Conflicts and wars caused them to move to a safer place Northern European artist who went to study in Italy carried Renaissance ideas back to their homelands German Painters Some of the famous painters were Durer and Holbein Many of Durer prints portrayed religious subject, classical myths or realistic landscapes Holbein specialized in painting portraits that were almost photographic in detail or very realistic Flemish Painters Flanders was the artistic center of northern Europe The first great Flemish Renaissance painter was Jan van Eyck His painting displayed unusually realistic details and reveal the personality of his subjects Bruegel, and another Flemish painter, captured scenes from everyday peasant life. His rich colors, vivid details and balanced use of space gave a sense of life and feeling Northern Writers try to Reform Society Italian humanists were very interested in reviving classical languages and tests When the Italian humanist ideas reached the north, people began to examine the traditional teaching of the Church Northern humanists examined the Biblical teachings and felt that the Church had failed to inspire people to live a Christian life This produced a new movement known as Christian humanism The focus of Christian humanism was the reform of society The humanists promoted the education of women and founded schools for both boys and girls Christian Humanists The best known of the Christian humanists was Thomas More of England He wrote the book Utopia Utopia has come to mean an ideal place The book is about an imaginary land where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out or do not exist More wrote in Latin, but his works has been translated into a variety of languages Women’s Reforms The majority of Europeans were unable to read or write Families who could afford formal schooling usually sent only their sons Christine de Pizan spoke out against this practice Her goal was for children of both sexes to receive formal education The Elizabethan Age The Renaissance spread to England in the mid-1500s The period the Elizabethan Age was named after Queen Elizabeth I She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek She wrote poetry and music and did much to support the development of English art and literature William Shakespeare He was the most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age He was the greatest playwright of all time He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon He lived in London writing poems and plays, he also performed at the Globe theater He revered the classics and drew on them for inspiration and plots His works display a masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human beings. Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas Chinese invented block printing This method would prove practical for Europeans because their languages have a very small number of letters in their alphabets Gutenberg Improves The Printing Press The block printed items reached Europe from China This process was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for knowledge, information and books Johann Gutenberg developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way It made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply He printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible. It was the first full-sized book printed with movable type The printing press enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work quicker Books were now cheap enough that many people could buy them. We could now educate the lower class of society The Legacy of the Renaissance It was a period of great artistic and social change There was a gradual rese of democratic ideas The impact of the movable-type printing press was tremendous It was even more dramatic than the arrival of person computers Concepts of the Renaissance to Remember Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome Paintings and sculptures became more and lifelike using nature and lifelike scenes Works were more secular than religious Writers began to use vernacular languages The arts praised individual achievement which is the idea of humanism Printing made more information available More books prompted an increased desire for learning There were new discoveries which led to further discoveries Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived