Download Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece
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Effects of Physical Geography
CAUSE
• Located on the Balkan
Peninsula...it is surrounded by
several seas
• No rivers
• Greece traded with other
regions
• Mountains cover 70-80%
EFFECT
• Became skilled sailors
and shipbuilders
• Used seas as
transportation corridors
• Brought in important
goods (grain, timber,
animal hides & slaves)
• Made transportation
difficult AND it was hard
to unite Greece under a
single government!!!
1. What is the name of the period Greece would enter after the fall of Mycenaea?
2. What years did this period last?
3. Why is there little known about this period?
4. What separated Greek villages?
5. Gradually the people organized themselves into what?
6. Why do we consider all the Greek city states to be part of the Greek Civilization?
7. What were the names of the 2 most famous city states?
8. What is an aristocracy?
9. What is an oligarchy?
10. Many Greeks abandoned oligarchies and established what?
11. What is a democracy?
12. What type of government did Athens have?
13. In one sentence describe how the people in Athens lived?
14. Sparta’s government was ruled by?
15. What did the Spartans not care about?
16. What did the Spartans care about?
17. What happened to men at age 7 in Sparta?
18. True or false women meant to be strong and healthy?
Greek City-States
• Due to phys. features, Greece was divided into small regions
– Because of this, the basic form of government was the
City-State
City-State
• Made up of city & surrounding area
• Small b/c physical features limited their size
• Fewer than 20,000 residents….close community
• A city with its own laws, rulers and money
• Cities that acted like countries
• Athens & Sparta were the largest Greek citystates!
Greek City State
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Athens vs. Sparta
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Athens
• Philosophical society
• Government—direct democracy
– Athens became the world’s first democracy
around 508 B.C
– All “citizens” met to vote & had a direct say
in things (citizens served in the army when
needed and they were also required to
serve on juries)
– Only free men were “citizens”
– Council of Four Hundred took care of dayto-day problems
– Assembly voted on policies proposed by
council
Athens vs. Sparta
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Athens
• 4 social groups/classes based on income
• Foreigners, women, children and slaves were
not “citizens”
• Slaves
– 1/3 of population
– Worked in homes, agriculture, industry, mines,
and even alongside masters
– Some earned wages & were able to buy their
freedom
Athens vs. Sparta
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Athens
• Education
– Boys of wealthy families started school at age 6 or
7
– Prepared them to be good citizens
– Studied logic & public speaking (for preparation to
be part of the assembly)
– Also studied reading, writing, poetry, arithmetic &
music
Athens vs. Sparta
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Athens
• Women
– Expected to be good wives & mothers
– Expected to keep family * society strong
– Much less freedom than Spartan women
– Did not attend school
– Could only own land if she inherited it from her
father (that is if he didn’t have a son to pass it on
to)
– Few learned to read or write
Athens
Athens vs. Sparta
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Sparta
• War/Military Society
• Government—combination of
monarchy, democracy, oligarchy
– 2 kings ruled Sparta
– 5 elected citizens ran the gov’t
– Council of Elders (30 older citizens &
wealthy land owners) proposed laws
– All citizens were part of the
Assembly—they elected officials &
voted on laws proposed by the
council
Athens vs. Sparta
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Sparta
• 3 social groups
– Citizens—lived in the city & spent ALL their time
training
– Free Non-Citizens—lived in nearby villages
– Helots—slaves who worked land and provided
for the citizens, thus allowing Spartan citizens to
be full-time soldiers
Athens vs. Sparta
Let’s compare!
Sparta
• Education
– Goal=have a strong army!
– At age 7 boys were taken to military houses to
start training to be Spartan soldiers
– Education included discipline, duty, strength,
military skill and wittiness/quick thinking
Athens vs. Sparta
Let’s compare!
Sparta
• Women
– Expected to be tough both emotionally &
physically
• “Bring back your shield, or come back on it”
– Education focused on making them strong
• Athletic training
• Learned to defend themselves
– Had a lot of freedom since the emphasis of the
society was on the military, NOT on the family
– Husbands spent a lot of time away
– Were able to own property
Sparta
Persians Invade Greece
• 480 B.C Persia invaded Greece
• City-states united to fight off the Persians and
their massive military
• The Spartan army held off the Persian army of
250,000 at Thermopylae for three days with only
300 soldiers.
– This gave Athenians time to prepare
for battle themselves
• City-states of Greece eventually
defeated invasion
After Persian Wars
• Greek city-states formed the Delian League for
the mutual protection of all
– Most city-states contributed money to fund the League
• Athens began to dip into the fund to build up its navy
and to beautify its city
• Pericles—Athenian general & statesman largely
responsible for the full development of Athenian
democracy and the Athenian empire
– He emerged after the Persian Wars and by 460 B.C., he was
the strongest leader in Athens
Persian Wars
Peloponnesian War
27 year-long war between Athens and Sparta
Causes:
• Some city-states feared Athens b/c of its grab
for power & prestige
• Under Pericles, Athens grew from a city-state to
a naval empire
• Some Athenian settlers began to move into
lands of other city-states
• Athens used money pooled together in the
Delian League for its own devices!
Peloponnesian War
Sparta
Strategies
Athens
Had better land-based
military force & its
location couldn’t be
attached by sea
• Cut off the Athenian
food supply by
destroying crops
• Took control of
countryside around
Athens
Had better navy & could
strike Sparta’s allies by
sea.
• Avoid battles on land
• Rely on sea power
• Pericles persuaded
Athenians to allow
Spartans to destroy
countryside
• He brought people from
the areas surrounding
Athens inside city walls for
safety
Peloponnesian War
Results
• Pericles’ plan to bring people into Athens
backfired!
– The city became badly overcrowded and a plague
spread quickly and easily causing Athens to loose
1/3 of its people and armed forces…even Pericles
himself died from the plague!
• Athens finally surrendered to Sparta in 404
B.C.
Peloponnesian War
Effects
• Since it lasted over 27 years, cities & crops
were destroyed and thousands of Greeks
died
• All Greek city-states suffered losses of
economic and military power
• City-states were weakened, allowing King
Phillip II of Macedonia to take power of all
Greek city-states
King Phillip II
• His dictatorial rule ended Greek democratic
practices
• After conquering the weak and disorganized
Greek city-states, he prepared his army to
attack Persia
• 336 B.C.—Phillip was assassinated at his
daughter’s wedding
– Left his 20 year-old son, Alexander, in
charge
King Phillip II
Alexander the Great
• Alexander continued his father’s plan for creating an
empire and attacking Persia
• From there, he spent the next 12 years creating an
empire.
• Created an empire from Greece all the way to the
Himalayas. (One of the largest empires in history.)
• He introduced Greek Culture to all the areas he
conquered. Wanted people to act Greek.
• Alexander died of Malaria at the age of 32 in 323 B.C.
• His empire would be divided 3 kingdoms each by one
of his generals, and would be independent until they
were conquered by the Romans.
Alexander the Great
Important People
Socrates
• The first great Greek
philosopher
• A philosopher is someone
who tries to explain the
nature of life.
• Socrates taught by asking
questions. This method of
questioning is still called the
Socratic method.
Socrates
Important People
Plato
• Plato was a student of
Socrates.
• Influenced by Socrates'
death
• He started a school called
The Academy.
• one of the greatest and
most influential thinker of
all time
Plato
Important People
Aristotle
• Born in Macedonia, son of a
physician
• Studied under Plato in his
Academy
• Teacher of Alexander the
Great
• He wrote about science,
art, law, poetry, and
government.
Aristotle
Greek Mythology
What is Greek Mythology?
• The people of ancient Greece shared
stories called myths about the gods,
goddesses, and heroes in which they
believed.
• Each god or goddess was worshipped
as a deity and ruled over certain
areas of the Greeks’ lives.
• These exciting stories explained
natural phenomena that could not be
explained by science in the ancient
WORLD
– Example: Persephone, Demeter & Hades
Zeus – Leader of the Olympian Gods
• He ruled the Olympians.
• He was the god of the sky,
lightning and thunder
carrying a thunderbolt as his
symbol.
• He married Hera, his sister,
which was a family habit.
• He fathered many children
with various goddesses and
mortals.
Other Greek gods
• Poseidon – God of the Sea
• Hades – God of the Underworld
• Apollo -The Sun God; God of Music, Poetry, Wisdom, Light and Truth
(He was the twin brother of Artemis and the most handsome of the
gods.)
• Artemis - Goddess of the Woods, Moon and the Hunt
• Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty.
• Athena -Goddess of Wisdom, Justice, War, Civilization and Peace