Download Ovulation through implantation

Ovulation through
Implantation
Chromosome & Gene Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubq4eu_TDFc
Chromosome
• Within the sex cells of every man and woman there
are 23 pairs of chromosomes (a thread like structure
which has a string of tiny particles called genes.) As
the sex cell matures the 23 pairs of chromosomes
divide to contain only 23 single chromosomes.
Gene
• The part of the chromosome that determines all
the inherited characteristics
Karyotype
• General appearance, including the size, number and
shape of somatic chromosomes
Where do your genes
come from?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yg89GY61DE
Sperm
Sperm
• Sperm carry the genetic blueprint for gender. There are
between 105-106 boys born for every 100 girls.
• The male sperm is the smallest cell in the human body and the
female ovum is the largest cell; 90,000 times heavier that the
male sperm.
• Everyday a healthy young male produces 100 million sperm
(1000 sperms a second). Each sperm contains a unique
selection of the father’s genetic material.
• The male body constantly forms new sperm (from sexual
maturity to a very advanced age). While all of the women’s
eggs are formed during the fetal stage.
• At ejaculation, 500 million mobile sperm are discharged but
almost half have defects that prevent them from fertilization.
Egg or Ovum
• A female cell or egg
Ovary
• Pair of female reproductive
glands producing eggs and
sex hormones.
• Twins occur if more than one
egg is released from the
ovary. If both of these eggs
are fertilized fraternal twins
are formed. Identical twins
are formed from the
fertilization of a single egg
that divides into two equal
parts.
Fallopian Tube
• Slender tubes (2) that carry the ovum
from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterus
• Hollow organ in which the fertilized ovum is
deposited and the embryo and fetus are developed.
Ovulation
• Two weeks after the onset of menstruation the
follicle containing the egg is discharged at the
surface of the ovary and is caught in the fallopian
tube. For approximately 24 hours the egg awaits
possible fertilization by a sperm. If this does not
occur, the egg begins to disintegrate and dies. Once
this occurs, large quantities of the hormone
progesterone are released into the woman’s
bloodstream cueing the lining of the uterus to be
shed. This is called menstruation.
• https://youtu.be/nLmg4wSHdxQ
Fertilization
• The journey from the vagina to the fallopian tube
(about 6 to 7 inches) takes several hours. If there is
no egg present, the sperm swim back and forth and
can survive for up to five days.
• A few hundred sperm reach the destination of the
egg. They all begin to try to penetrate the wall of
the egg. Some perish in this process. Once one
sperm breaks all the way through the ovum wall,
the chemical structure of the egg changes shutting
out all other sperm.
• Two cells (egg and sperm) joined to make a single
cell.
Conception
• The union of an ovum and sperm resulting in the
beginning of a new life.
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=BFrVmDgh4v4
Zygote
• Once the sperm has penetrated the egg, the tail
separates from the head. This first cell is called the
zygote. (fertilized egg; at least 2 cells)
• The head of the sperms (which holds the genetic
make up) travels to the nucleus of the egg and the
genetic blueprints are combined into one.
Morula
• Solid mass of cells ins the early stages of embryonic
development.
• Roughly 12 hours after the fusion of the
chromosomes, the first cell division takes place and
continues to divide every 12-15 hours. At
approximately the third day, when there are 16
identical cells, a morula is formed.
Blastocyst
• After about 5 days, and once inside the uterus, the
fertilized egg is now a blastocyst.
Implantation
• The blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall where
it will develop into an embryo. Implantation
usually occurs eight days after fertilization.
The Role of Genetics
• We inherit genes from both parents in sets of
chromosomes.
• No people, except identical twins have
identical DNA.
• Dominant vs. Recessive Genes
• Recessive genes are only expressed when received
from both parents (ie. Red hair)
• Gender: women carry X chromosome, males
carry either an X or Y chromosome.
• XX is female
• XY is male
Genetics Activity #1
• What are the chances that this child will have red hair?
• Hint: brown is dominant and red is recessive
Brown
Brown
Red
Red
Genetics Activity #2
• What are the chances that this child will have blue eyes?
• Hint: brown is dominant, blue recessive
Brown
Brown
Blue
Brown
Infertility
• The inability to conceive a child
• Adoption: legally takes on responsibilities for
child
• Artificial Insemination: sperm injection
• In Vitro Fertilization: ovum and sperm are
combined and then implanted
• Ovum Transfer: donated egg
• Surrogate Mother: woman becomes pregnant
for another woman.
Infertility Reflection
• Answer the following questions at the end of
your notes on genetics and infertility. Answer in
4 complete sentences per question.
• Do you think struggling with infertility is an
emotional battle? Why or why not?
• If you and your partner were struggling
with infertility, what method do you think
you would do? Why?