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Stars and the Solar System SISSI Workshop 6-23-2015 Darlene Smalley Planetarium Program Director [email protected] Emmy’s Moon and Stars Emmy looked out her window and saw the Moon and stars. She wondered how far away they were. Which answer best describes the location of the stars that Emmy sees out her window ? Credit: http://apod.nasa.gov/ A. There are no stars between the Earth and Moon. B. One star is between the Earth and Moon. C. A few stars are between the Earth and Moon. D. There are many stars between the Earth and Moon. E. Many stars are between the Moon and the edge of our solar system. Probe adapted from: Uncovering Student Ideas in Science Vol. 2, NSTA Press, pg. 177 Darkness at Night Probe Five friends were wondering why the sky is dark at night. This is what they said: A. B. C. D. E. Credit: billyhumphrey.com Andy: “The clouds come in at night and cover the Sun.” Becca: “The Earth spins completely around once a day.” Chris: “The Sun moves around the Earth once a day.” Danika: “The Earth moves around the Sun once a day.” Ethan: “The Sun moves underneath the Earth at night.” Which friend has the best reason for why the sky is dark at night? Probe adapted from: Uncovering Student Ideas in Science Vol. 2, NSTA Press, pg. 171 Sort Celestial Object Cards By Size What is it? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1) Dwarf planet Pluto Moon Earth Saturn Sun Pleiades Whirlpool Galaxy Hubble Deep Field Definitions of Planet and Dwarf Planet Characteristic Planet Dwarf Planet Is in orbit around the Sun X X Has sufficient mass to be nearly round X X Is not a satellite X X Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit X Has NOT cleared the neighborhood around its orbit X Five Current Dwarf Planets Sort Celestial Object Cards By Size What is it? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Pluto Moon Earth Saturn Sun Pleiades Whirlpool Galaxy Hubble Deep Field Dwarf planet Earth’s satellite Rocky planet Gas planet Star Hundreds of stars Billions of stars Thousands of galaxies Why put a telescope in space? Sort Celestial Object Cards By Distance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Earth Moon Sun Saturn Pluto Pleiades Whirlpool Galaxy Hubble Deep Field Why can’t we photograph the Milky Way? NASA art of Milky Way We are in it and can’t leave it! Distance to Sun = 93,000,000 mi. Distance to next closest star = 26,000,000,000,000 mi. Just to get to Alpha Centauri would take over 85,000 years! Fun Fact: Subaru = The Pleiades Subaru logo Subaru means to gather together or unite. The company was formed by uniting 5 small companies into 1 large one. Planets in order from the Sun My Very Exciting Magic Carpet Just Sailed Under Nine Palace Elephants Focus on Earth, Moon and Sun Modeling Earth, Moon and Sun If this 40-inch ball represents the Sun, how big should the Earth and Moon be? 1. Get out playdough : ) 2. Make models of the Earth and Moon in scale with this “Sun” 3. Cut a piece of black yarn to represent the distance between the Earth and Moon 4. Place your Earth and Moon models on your table at opposite ends of your piece of yarn Correct model of Earth, Moon and Sun Scale of 1 inch = 20,000 miles – – – – Sun’s diameter is over 800,000 mi.: Model is 40-43 in. Earth’s diameter is about 8,000 miles: Model is .4 in. Moon’s diameter is about 2,000 miles: Model is .1 in. Ave. Distance Earth to Moon is 240,000 miles: Model is 12 in. How far away should the Sun model be? Other Useful Model Scales • Scale of 1 inch = 2,000 miles – Earth: 4 inches – Moon: 1 inch and 10 feet from Earth – Sun: 400 inches and 4000 feet from Earth • Scale of 1 inch = 100,000 miles – – – – Earth: .08 inch Moon: .02 inch and 2.4 inches from Earth Sun: 8.5 inches and 26 yards from Earth Other planets from .01 to .9 inch Walk the Solar System Lesson Thousand Yard Model Do “Sky Time” Activities Form a circle inside circle of zodiac constellations • Become Earth! Investigate how Earth’s motions cause the apparent motion of the Sun and other stars. • Investigate seasons by tilting as Earth does. Discover how latitude effects seasons while longitude effects time of day. • Investigate Moon phases and eclipses using balls on pencils to represent the Moon. THE “DATING” GAME Name: ____________________ Use the diagram below to fill in the 10 blanks about the kinesthetic times of day and year. FOR THE BOY 1. What is the time along a line down the middle of the front of his body? _________________________ 2. What is the season in North America? _________________________ 3. What is the date in North America? _________________________ 4. What is the season in South America? _________________________ 5. What is the date in South America? What is the season in the girl’s Northern Hemisphere? What is the season in the boy’s Northern Hemisphere? ________________________ ________________________ _________________________ 6. What is the time along a line down the middle of his back? CHALLENGE: Can you also answer questions 1-7 for the GIRL? BONUS: What is the season on the girl’s lower back? _________________________ ______________________________ 7. What is the season on his upper back (China)? _________________________ ST 10 © Dr. Cherilynn Morrow & Michael Zawaski (Aug 2004) [email protected] & [email protected] Teacher Resources • For Kinesthetic Astronomy lessons and assessments by Cherilynn Morrow and Michael Zawaski, go http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/docs/Sky_Time.pdf Dr.