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Transcript
Study sheet for Egypt summative (use notebook paper for your responses) 1. Describe the similarities and differences between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Both had monarchy governments, which means they were ruled by a king; both used the rivers they were near to farm; both were polytheistic, which means they believed in more than one god; Both based their gods and goddesses off of things in nature; Both societies used their river/rivers to trade; Egyptians were located along the Nile River while the Mesopotamians were between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Egyptians mummified their dead, while the Mesopotamians just buried their dead. 2. Explain the ways the Egyptians would use the Nile River for farming. The Nile River would flood, causing the ground around it to become fertile. Since the river waters did not reach all of the farms, Egyptians would build canals, which allowed their land to be constantly fertile. 3. Describe the rise and fall of the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom (do not worry about the fall of the New Kingdom). Old Kingdom: Menes rose to power in the Upper Egypt. After invading Lower Egypt, he united both sides (he married the Princess of Lower Egypt to symbolize this). Eventually, pharaohs began spending large amounts of money on different projects (pyramids, temples, and the sphinx). The pharaoh became broke, and rich nobles were able to take power away from the pharaoh (by paying people the pharaoh couldn’t pay). This signifies the fall of the Old Kingdom. Middle Kingdom: Mentuhotep II rises to power, and successfully reunites both Upper and Lower Egypt. Even though he was a great ruler, there was still some tension between the nobles and pharaoh. On top of that, there was still unrest in this region. A society known as the Hykos saw how weak the Egyptians were, and invaded. They were successful in taking over all of Egypt, and forced the Egyptians to pay tribute to their leader. New Kingdom: Ahmose rises to power in Egypt, while it is still in control of the Hykos. He is able to regain control of Egypt back from the Hykos, which begins the New Kingdom. During this time, Egypt is very prosperous. They conquered different territories, and traded with different civilizations (such as the Babylonians and the Assyrians). 4. Describe the religious beliefs in ancient Egypt. The Egyptians were polytheistic. They believed in multiple gods, one of them being the pharaoh. They believed the pharaoh was the human version of Horus. They worshipped the pharaoh as if he were a god, and built many monuments in his (or her) honor. 5. Explain how the geography of Egypt helped this society grow. The Egyptians had natural barriers in the form of deserts and the Nile River. These protected the Egyptians from invaders, allowing them farm (using water from the Nile River), create their own culture (music, religion, etc.), and create their own artwork. Monuments to the pharaoh were also constructed. This created jobs for different Egyptian people (they were paid for their work) and the citizens had to pay their way to get in to each religious setting. This generated money for the empire. 6. Describe the relationship between different Mesopotamian citystates (ex. Babylonia and Assyrians) and the Egyptians. The Egyptians met the Babylonians, Assyrians, and other civilizations during their expansion. They created a relationship based on trade. People (like the Assyrians) gave the pharaoh gifts, because they wanted to please the ruler of Egypt. The practice of gift giving allowed for there to be a good relationship between these empires, which lead to more trade, and caused the Egyptian empire to become even more rich.