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common grammar terms How many basic grammar terms do you understand? With your partner, try to give a short example of each of the following: Grammar term sentence showing the main verb sentence showing an auxiliary verb sentence showing the subject sentence showing the direct object adjective adverb pronoun preposition linking word or phrase definite article indefinite article modal auxiliary verb bare infinitive full infinitive past participle gerund / ing-form stative verb action verb transitive verb intransitive verb prefix suffix Your example Example answers Grammar term Your example sentence showing the main verb She has not met him (The main verb gives the meaning) sentence showing an auxiliary verb She has not met him (The auxiliary verb is a 'grammar word' - in this case it is used to form the present perfect tense) sentence showing the subject An old man in the corner looked up as we came in sentence showing the direct object He picked up the case (Some sentences contain two objects, especially with verbs such as give, say, lend, tell etc. e.g. He gave her a present. Here, 'present' is the direct object and 'her' is the indirect object adjective a valuable book. (adjectives add information to nouns) adverb She spoke quickly (adverb of manner); He never smokes (adverb or frequency; I'll see him tomorrow (adverb of time) pronoun They (subject pronoun) told her (object pronoun) to come back later preposition in, at, on, about, for etc linking word or phrase time: when, while, as soon as, by the time etc contrast: however, but, yet, nevertheless etc addition: and, furthermore, moreover etc reason and result: so, therefore, as a result etc definite article the indefinite article a / an modal auxiliary verb can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought bare infinitive play, eat, write full infinitive to play, to eat, to write past participle played, eaten, written gerund / ing-form playing, eating, writing stative verb be, have (for possession), like, love, know, understand, want etc action verb make, do, walk, eat, sit, sleep, ask, watch, listen etc transitive verb read, eat, tell (many verbs are sometimes transitive and sometimes intransitive) Transitive verbs are shown as 'verb [T]' in many dictionaries; Verbs that can be transitive or intransitive are shown as 'verb [I] or [T]' intransitive verb arrive, happen shown as 'verb [I]' prefix un, in, im, re, pre, under, over, post, anti, pro etc (prefixes usually modify the meaning of a work) suffix ment, ation, ive, ous, ly etc (suffixes usually indicate which part of speech a word is)