Download Respiratory Assessment

Respiratory Assessment
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The adenoids are also called the:
1) _______
A) submandibular tonsils
B) pharyngeal tonsils
C) buccal tonsils
D) palatine tonsils
E) lingual tonsils
2) Which of the following is NOT true of the lungs:
A) the left lung has two lobes
B) the narrower portion of each lung is called the apex
C) the right lung has three lobes
D) both lungs have two lobes
E) the bases rest on the diaphragm
2) _______
3) Which of the following are NOT part of the respiratory zone structures:
A) primary bronchi
B) alveoli
C) alveolar ducts
D) alveolar sacs
E) respiratory bronchioles
3) _______
4) Which of the following is NOT true of lung cancer:
A) most types of lung cancer are tremendously aggressive
B) it accounts for one-third of all cancer deaths in the U.S.
C) its incidence is increasing
D) it is more prevalent in males than females
E) lung cancers metastasize rapidly and widely
4) _______
5) Hypoventilation is:
A) irregular breathing
B) extremely fast breathing
C) extremely deep breathing
D) intermittent breathing
E) extremely slow breathing
5) _______
6) An emotionally induced response that is similar to crying is:
A) sneezing
B) yawning
C) laughing
D) hiccupping
E) coughing
6) _______
7) Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing respiratory rate and depth:
A) physical factors, such as exercise
B) volition
C) chemical factors, such as the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) emotional factors
E) enzymatic factors
7) _______
8) The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by:
A) the soft palate
B) the hard palate
C) both the conchae and hard palate
D) both the hard and soft palate
E) the nasal conchae
8) _______
9) Hyperventilation leads to all of the following except:
A) brief periods of apnea
B) build up of carbon dioxide in the blood
C) dizziness
D) fainting
E) cyanosis
9) _______
10) Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by:
A) 20-22 weeks
B) 28-30 weeks
C) 22-24 weeks
D) 24-26 weeks
E) 26-28 weeks
10) ______
11) The auditory tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the:
A) palatopharynx
B) tracheopharynx
C) laryngopharynx
D) oropharynx
E) nasopharynx
11) ______
12) Which of the following bones does not contain paranasal sinuses:
A) ethmoid
B) sphenoid
C) frontal
D) maxilla
12) ______
E) mandible
13) Which of the following terms does not apply to the nose:
A) nasopharynx
B) nasal cavity
C) nostrils
D) external nares
E) nasal septum
13) ______
14) Which of the following is NOT true of inspiration:
A) increased intrapulmonary volume causes the gases to spread out
B) the decreased gas pressure produces a partial vacuum that sucks air in
C) dilation of the external intercostals helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity
D) air continues to move into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric
pressure
E) contraction of the diaphragm helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity
14) ______
15) Which of the following cannot be said of expiration:
A) intrapulmonary volume decreases when the rib cage descends
B) it is largely a passive process
C) gas flows out to equalize inside and outside the lungs
D) intrapulmonary volume increases when the lungs recoil
15) ______
E) it is usually effortless
16) Gas exchange occurs by:
A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) simple diffusion
D) osmosis
E) passive transport
16) ______
17) A deep inspiration that ventilates all alveoli is:
A) sneezing
B) yawning
C) hiccupping
D) coughing
E) crying
17) ______
18) Inhalation of food or other foreign substance into the lungs, thus leading to pneumonia, is called:
A) pulmonary taponade
B) hemothorax
C) pleurisy
D) pneumothorax
E) aspiration pneumonia
18) ______
19) Cilia of the trachea propel contaminated mucus:
A) toward the lungs to be encapsulated
B) toward the nose to be sneezed out
C) toward the glottis to be hiccupped out
D) toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out
E) toward the epiglottis to be coughed out
19) ______
20) The bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the tissues is called:
A) xanthosis
B) erythema
C) melanosis
D) albinism
20) ______
E) cyanosis
21) Vibration that results in speech is a function of the:
A) true vocal cords
B) false vocal cords
C) complete voice box
D) epiglottis
E) glottis
21) ______
22) Cessation of breathing is called:
A) dyspnea
B) tachypnea
C) eupnea
D) apnea
E) hyperpnea
22) ______
23) The molecule that lowers surface tension in the alveoli, preventing lung collapse, is called:
A) resorbin
B) renin
C) fibrosin
D) surfactant
E) lecithin
23) ______
24) The lipid molecule that coats the alveolar surfaces is called:
A) kinin
B) renin
C) interferon
24) ______
D) lecithin
E) surfactant
25) Which of the following is NOT true of cystic fibrosis:
A) it is rarely fatal
B) it causes oversecretion of thick mucus that clogs the respiratory passages
C) it is a common genetic disease
D) it impairs food digestion
E) it causes sweat glands to produce an extremely salty perspiration
25) ______
26) Internal respiration is:
A) gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries
B) gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and the alveoli
C) gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells
D) gas exchange between the outside air and lungs
E) gas exchange between the tissue cells and alveoli
26) ______
27) Which of the following are the most damaging and disabling respiratory diseases at present:
A) COPD and lung cancer
B) tuberculosis and COPD
C) lung cancer and asthma
D) tuberculosis and pneumonia
E) asthma and tuberculosis
27) ______
28) Air moving into and out of the lungs is:
A) external respiration
B) internal respiration
C) pulmonary ventilation
D) inspiration
E) expiration
28) ______
29) One of the most important stimuli leading to increased rate and depth of breathing is:
A) increased blood pH
B) increased carbon dioxide in the blood
C) decreased carbon dioxide in the blood
D) decreased oxygen level in the blood
E) increased hydrogen ion in the blood
29) ______
30) The walls of the alveoli are composed largely of:
A) simple cuboidal epithelium
B) pseudostratified epithelium
C) stratified cuboidal epithelium
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) simple squamous epithelium
30) ______
31) The condition that leads to the death of many full-term newborn infants and is still incompletely
understood is:
A) SIDS
B) CTRL
C) IRDS
D) COPD
E) CF
31) ______
32) Infant respiratory rate is around:
A) 30 per minute
B) 12 per minute
C) 20 per minute
D) 25 per minute
32) ______
33) The total amount of exchangeable air is the:
A) dead space volume
B) expiratory reserve volume
C) vital capacity
D) inspiratory reserve volume
E) tidal volume
33) ______
34) Emphysema results in all of the following except:
A) decreased lung elasticity
B) barrel chest
C) lung fibrosis
D) moon face
E) enlarged alveoli
34) ______
35) The amount of air remaining in the lungs even after the most strenuous expiration is the:
A) tidal volume
B) residual volume
C) vital capacity
D) expiratory reserve volume
E) dead space volume
35) ______
36) The conducting passageways of the respiratory system include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) pharynx
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) nose
E) alveoli
36) ______
37) Which of the following is NOT a feature of COPD:
A) most patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD
B) frequent pulmonary infections are common
C) dyspnea becomes progressively more severe
D) most patients have a history of smoking
E) most COPD victims are hypoxic
37) ______
38) The superior portion of the pharynx is called the:
A) tracheopharynx
B) nasopharynx
C) palatopharynx
D) laryngopharynx
E) oropharynx
38) ______
#40-50
Label A-J on your own sheet of paper
Figure 13.1
Short Answer. (Choose 3 to answer) Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
51) Distinguish external respiration from internal respiration. .
52) Describe some of the effects of smoking on the human body.
53) Explain the structure and function of the respiratory membrane.
54) Describe the normal action of the pleural membranes.
55) Identify the regions of the pharynx and their positions in the respiratory passageway.
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52) B
53) Pulmonary ventilation involves the movement of air into and out of the lungs and is what is commonly called
breathing. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the pulmonary blood and the alveoli. Respiratory
gas transport is the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body via
the bloodstream. Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells.
54) Answers will vary depending on what effects were discussed in class, since smoking has numerous effects on the
body. Respiratory effects include airway obstruction, dyspnea, coughing, frequent infections, breakdown of elastin
in the connective tissue in the lungs, continual bronchial irritation and inflammation, hypoxia, respiratory acidosis,
and respiratory failure. Other effects include clubbing of the fingers due to hypoxia, impotence, and impairment of
the immune system.
55) The respiratory membrane is comprised of the fused basement membranes of the alveolar and capillary walls. It has
gas flowing past on one side and blood flowing past on the other. Gas exchanges occur by simple diffusion through
the respiratory membrane. Oxygen passes from the alveolar air into the capillary blood and carbon dioxide leaves
the blood to enter the gas-filled alveoli.
56) The pleural membranes, the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura, produce a slippery serous secretion that allows
the lungs to glide easily over the thorax wall during breathing. This serous fluid causes the two pleural layers to
cling together. They can slide easily from side to side across one another, but they cannot easily be pulled apart.
Because of this, the lungs are held tightly to the thorax wall. The pleural space is more of a potential space than an
actual one, and it is only during illness or injury that this space becomes apparent, such as with a pneumothorax
that can lead to atelectasis.
57) The three portions of the pharynx are the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx
is the superior portion that extends from the nasal cavity to the soft palate. The oropharynx is the central portion of
the pharynx lying between the soft palate and the upper epiglottis. The laryngopharynx is the lowest portion of the
pharynx and is the connecting point to the larynx below.