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EHS Benchmark #2 - 2016 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The four main groups of tissues are ____. a. epithelial, bone, blood, and nerve b. nerve, muscle, adipose, and connective c. muscle, nerve, epithelial, bone d. nerve, connective, epithelial, and muscle ____ 2. The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work, is ____. a. anatomy c. pathophysiology b. physiology d. biology ____ 3. The horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and a bottom half is the ____. a. transverse c. frontal b. midsagittal d. coronal ____ 4. The body plane that divides the body into right and left sides is the ____. a. transverse c. frontal b. midsagittal d. coronal ____ 5. The cavity that contains the heart, lungs, and large blood vessels is the ____. a. abdominal cavity c. pelvic cavity b. thoracic cavity d. orbital cavity ____ 6. Body parts in front of the frontal plane are called ____. a. superior c. ventral or anterior b. inferior d. dorsal or posterior ____ 7. The tissue that lines the intestinal and respiratory tracts and forms body glands is ____. a. epithelial c. muscle b. connective d. adipose ____ 8. Body parts close to the midsagittal plane are called ____. a. medial c. proximal b. inferior d. lateral ____ 9. The cavity that contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine is the ____. a. pelvic cavity c. thoracic cavity b. abdominal cavity d. buccal cavity ____ 10. The body cavity located in the chest is the ____. a. dorsal cavity c. thoracic cavity b. ventral cavity d. abdominal cavity ____ 11. A tough, sheetlike membrane that covers and protects the tissue is a ____. a. ligament c. fascia b. tendon d. viscera ____ 12. Which of the following kinds of muscle is voluntary? a. cardiac c. visceral b. skeletal d. smooth ____ 13. If the leg is moved out to the side away from the body, the movement is ____. a. abduction c. flexion b. adduction d. extension ____ 14. If the lower leg is straightened away from the upper leg, the movement is ____. a. abduction c. flexion b. adduction d. extension ____ 15. Swinging the arm in a circle is an example of ____. a. abduction c. rotation b. extension d. circumduction ____ 16. A group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy is ____. a. myasthenia gravis c. muscular dystrophy b. paralysis d. cerebral palsy ____ 17. A severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of a joint is called _______. a. Muscular Dystrophy c. Fibromyalgia b. Arthritis d. Contracture ____ 18. A chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas is called _________. a. Muscular Dystrophy c. Fibromyalgia b. Myasthenia Gravis d. Contracture ____ 19. Patients confined to bed should have their position changed at least every ____. a. 30 minutes c. two hours b. one hour d. three hours ____ 20. The first sign of a pressure ulcer is a/an ____. a. open sore on the skin b. pale, red or blue-gray discoloration on the skin c. vesicle or blister on the skin d. dark brown bruise on the skin ____ 21. Range-of-motion exercises administered by another person who moves each joint for a patient who is not able to exercise are ____. a. active c. passive b. active assistive d. resistive ____ 22. Range-of-motion exercises performed by patients who are able to move each joint without assistance are ____. a. active c. passive b. active assistive d. resistive ____ 23. The correct term for cold applications is ____. a. thermotherapy c. cryotherapy b. hypothermia d. Hyperthermia ____ 24. The area where ribosomes are manufactured in the cell is the ____. a. nucleolus c. Golgi apparatus b. centrosome d. endoplasmic reticulum ____ 25. The body system that carries some tissue fluid and wastes to the blood and assists with fighting infection is the ____. a. endocrine system c. urinary system b. lymphatic system d. digestive system ____ 26. The body system that includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi is the ____. a. digestive system c. respiratory system b. lymphatic system d. circulatory system ____ 27. The body system that filters blood to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body is the ____. a. urinary system c. endocrine system b. circulatory system d. lymphatic system ____ 28. The body system that protects the body from injury, infection, and dehydration is the ____. a. integumentary system c. lymphatic system b. skeletal system d. circulatory system ____ 29. The membrane that lines the medullary canal is the ____. a. periosteum c. epiphysis b. endosteum d. diaphysis ____ 30. The material in bones that produces red blood cells and platelets and is the ____. a. yellow marrow c. red marrow b. epiphysis d. diaphysis ____ 31. Spaces, or “soft spots,” in the cranium that allow for the enlargement of the skull as brain growth occurs are ____. a. fontanels c. sutures b. foramina d. sinuses ____ 32. Areas where the cranial bones have joined together are ____. a. fontanels c. sutures b. foramina d. sinuses ____ 33. The vertebrae that are located at the waist are ____. a. cervical c. thoracic b. lumbar d. sacral ____ 34. The first seven pairs of ribs are called ____. a. false ribs b. intercostal ribs c. floating ribs d. true ribs ____ 35. Areas where two or more bones join together are ____. a. foramina c. joints b. sinuses d. ligaments ____ 36. An inflammation of small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints is ____. a. arthritis c. osteomyelitis b. bursitis d. osteoporosis ____ 37. A bone break that pierces or ruptures through the skin is a ____. a. depressed fracture c. simple fracture b. greenstick fracture d. compound fracture ____ 38. A side-to-side or lateral curvature of the spine is ____. a. scoliosis c. lordosis b. kyphosis d. sacrospinous ____ 39. A fracture caused when bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces is ____. a. greenstick c. comminuted b. spiral d. depressed ____ 40. The muscle on the upper back and neck that extends the head and moves the shoulder is the ____. a. trapezius c. pectoralis major b. deltoid d. sternocleidomastoid ____ 41. The muscle on the upper arm that extends the lower arm is the ____. a. deltoid c. triceps brachii b. biceps brachii d. trapezius ____ 42. The muscle on the upper chest that adducts and flexes the upper arm is the ____. a. deltoid c. rectus abdominus b. pectoralis major d. latissimus dorsi ____ 43. The muscle on the front of the thigh that extends the leg is the ____. a. sartorius c. gastrocnemius b. quadriceps femoris d. tibialis anterior ____ 44. The muscle on the buttocks that extends the thigh is the ____. a. sartorius c. latissimus dorsi b. rectus abdominus d. gluteus maximus ____ 45. Which of the following muscles is not an injection site? a. triceps brachii c. quadriceps femoris b. deltoid d. gluteus maximus ____ 46. The basic structural unit of the nervous system is the ____. a. dendrite c. neurilemma b. neuron d. nucleus ____ 47. A nerve fiber that carries impulses toward the cell body is a/an ____. a. dendrite c. neuron b. axon d. myelin ____ 48. Sensory nerves that carry messages from all parts of the body to the brain and spinal cord are ____. a. afferent c. connecting b. efferent d. mixed ____ 49. The part of the brain responsible for muscle coordination, balance and posture, and muscle tone is the ____. a. cerebrum c. diencephalon b. cerebellum d. medulla oblongata ____ 50. The part of the brain that regulates heartbeat, respiration, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure is the ____. a. pons c. medulla oblongata b. midbrain d. cerebrum ____ 51. The membranes covering the brain and spinal cord are the ____. a. thalamus c. meninges b. ventricles d. choroid plexuses ____ 52. The division of the autonomic nervous system that acts in times of emergency is the ____. a. parasympathetic c. peripheral b. somatic d. sympathetic ____ 53. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to maintain a balanced state called ____. a. special senses c. voluntary movement b. homeostasis d. involuntary movement ____ 54. Paralysis of the lower extremities is ____. a. quadriplegia b. hemiplegia c. paraplegia d. biplegia ____ 55. An excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain is ____. a. meningitis c. cerebral palsy b. cerebrovascular accident d. hydrocephalus ____ 56. A cerebrovascular accident commonly causes ____. a. quadriplegia c. paraplegia b. hemiplegia d. all of the above ____ 57. Abnormal electrical impulses in the neurons of the brain cause ____. a. cerebral palsy c. epilepsy b. cerebrovascular accident d. Parkinson’s disease ____ 58. An acute inflammation of nerve cells caused by the herpes virus is ____. a. meningitis c. shingles b. encephalitis d. neuralgia ____ 59. A chronic, progressive, disabling condition resulting from a degeneration of the myelin sheath is ____. a. cerebral palsy c. Parkinson’s disease b. epilepsy d. multiple sclerosis ____ 60. An inflammation of the brain frequently caused by a virus contracted from a mosquito bite is ____. a. epilepsy c. meningitis b. encephalitis d. shingles ____ 61. The chronic degenerative neuromuscular disease that results in total body paralysis but does not affect mental acuity is ____. a. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) c. cerebral palsy b. multiple sclerosis d. Parkinson’s disease ____ 62. A condition caused by continuous repetitive movement of the wrist is ____. a. multiple sclerosis c. shingles b. carpal tunnel syndrome d. neuralgia ____ 63. The muscle layer of the heart is the ____. a. endocardium b. pericardium c. ectocardium d. myocardium ____ 64. The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood as it returns from body cells is the ____. a. right atrium c. left atrium b. right ventricle d. left ventricle ____ 65. The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood as it returns from the lungs is the ____. a. right atrium c. left atrium b. right ventricle d. left ventricle ____ 66. The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium is the ____. a. tricuspid valve c. aortic valve b. pulmonary valve d. mitral valve ____ 67. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium is the ____. a. tricuspid valve c. aortic valve b. pulmonary valve d. mitral valve ____ 68. The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the ____. a. arteries c. venules b. veins d. capillaries ____ 69. The largest artery in the body is the ____. a. carotid b. femoral c. aorta d. coronary ____ 70. The blood cells that contain hemoglobin are the ____. a. leukocytes c. erythrocytes b. platelets d. thrombocytes ____ 71. The blood cells that fight infection are the ____. a. erythrocytes c. thrombocytes b. leukocytes d. platelets ____ 72. An inherited disease that occurs almost exclusively in males and in which the blood is unable to clot is ____. a. anemia c. hemophilia b. leukemia d. aneurysm ____ 73. An inflammation of a vein with the formation of a clot is ____. a. phlebitis c. embolus b. thrombophlebitis d. varicose veins ____ 74. The leukocytes that provide immunity for the body by developing antibodies and protect against the formation of cancer cells are ____. a. neutrophils c. basophils b. lymphocytes d. eosinophils ____ 75. Which of the following is not a risk factor that increases the incidence of hypertension? a. race c. excessive exercise b. smoking d. obesity