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Name: _________________________________________ Period: ____ Date: _______ Notes # _____ Ch 1.1 PowerPoint Notes: Atoms are the smallest forms of elements Atomic Structure ATOMS • All _____________ is made of tiny particles called _________. • All atoms have a _________ called a __________________. • The __________________ contains __________________ and __________________. PROTONS & NEUTRONS • __________________ are particles with __________________electric charges (+). • __________________ are particles with _____ electric charges. • Protons and neutrons have __________________ masses and together make up the ________ of an atom. ELECTRONS • An __________________ has a __________________ charge (–) and a very __________ mass. • Electrons move so _________ it is hard to pinpoint their location. • Not all electrons in an electron cloud have the same energy. ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS • In atoms, __________________ are at _________ energy levels. • The _____ energy level is closest to the nucleus and holds up to _____ electrons. • The _____ level holds _________, the _____ holds up to _____ or _____. • _________ levels hold up to _____ or up to _____ or __________. Draw correct number of electrons MASS OF AN ATOM • The mass of a proton is much ________________ than the mass of an electron. • The positive _____________ of a proton is ___________ to the negative _____________ of an electron. • In a _____________ atom there are ___________ numbers of protons and electrons. Atoms Draw & label the parts of an atom Circle your level of understanding of these concepts: 1 2 3 4 Elements & Chemical Symbols ELEMENTS • Elements are made of only _____ type of atom. • Oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen are examples of _______________. • Example: Carbon is made of only carbon atoms. CHEMICAL SYMBOLS • The name of an element can be represented by a chemical _____________. • When ______ letter is used as a symbol it is a _____________ letter. • Example: oxygen is ___, hydrogen is ___, & carbon is ___. • When a symbol contains _____ letters, the _____ letter is a _____________ and the _____ is in _____________ case. • Example: helium is _____, chlorine is _____, & lithium is _____. • Most symbols come from the ________________ name of the element; some come from the _____________ name. • The ________________ is the one or two letter abbreviation for the element. • O = Oxygen; K = ________________; Cl = Chlorine; Na = ________________; S = _______________ • The ________________ is the one or two letter abbreviation for the element. SYMBOL BOX 2 He Helium 4.00 • Atomic Number: the ________________ of ________________ in an atom found in the nucleus. • Helium has _____ protons, so its atomic number is ____. • Atomic mass: the average number of ________________ and ________________ in an atom. This is the ________________ mass of the element compared to ________________ as a standard. • Mass number: ____________ number of ________________ and ________________ in an atom. • Atomic Number = # of Protons = # of Electrons • ATOMIC MASS (AVERAGE- ___________________) • MASS NUMBER (________________ NUMBER) = # of Protons + # of Neutrons OR = (# of Electrons) + (# of Neutrons) OR = (Atomic Number) + (# of Neutrons) • Subtracting the # of ________________ (atomic # or # of electrons) from the _______ number, will give you the # of ________________. HISTORICAL FACTS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE • By the middle of the 19th century, a number of elements had been discovered. • Dmitri ________________________, a Russian scientist, arranged the elements into the Periodic Table. • Certain ________________ properties were repeated regularly. • These properties were related to the _______ of the protons and neutrons in an atom. • Mendeleev’s table contained the 65 elements then known and ___________ spots where he ________________ the properties of elements not yet discovered. • Some problems occurred with his arrangement. As a result, today’s classification system is based on the ____________ numbers of elements. • This organization of elements is called the ______________________________________. • Scientists have discovered _____ substances called ________________. • ____ of these occur ______________________, the rest are made in laboratories. • An ________________ is a substance that ________________ be broken into ________________ substances. ISOTOPES • Atoms of the _______ element ________________ have the _______ number of ________________. • All atoms of the _______ element do ______ always have the same number of ________________. • Isotopes: atoms of the same element with _______________________ numbers of ________________. METALS • H • Zn zinc • Co cobalt • Na ________________ • Ag ___________ • Au __________ • Mg magnesium • Cu copper • Al aluminum • K ________________ • Mn manganese • Sn ______ • Ca calcium • Li lithium • Hg ________________ • Ba barium • Pb _______ • Fe _______ • Ni nickel hydrogen NON-METALS • Cl ________________ • N nitrogen • Rn _____________ • F fluorine • P ________________ • C • Br bromine • He helium • Xe _____________ • O ________________ • B boron • Ar argon • S sulfur • Si _____________ • I iodine • Ne neon carbon