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History 3rd Trimester 6th Grade Study Guide Baroque (1600-1750) During this time musicians as well as scholars were exploring new musical sounds. Expression of emotions in music was emphasized. Solo music with accompaniment became more popular as the violin and other wind instruments were improved and valued for the different quality of sounds they produced. Organ Compositions were based on the: Toccata-prelude piece which was improvized and not based on a set rhythm Fugue-was based on short themes and had a more definite melody, with lively rhythm Chorale-based on a hymn Musicians during the Baroque were thought of as the same social class as servants. They received their training from and belonged to "Guilds". There were three stages that a musician belonged to: 1. Apprentice-lived with master musicians (without pay) and received musical training. 2. Journeyman-student traveled to various countries to study with other great composers, musicians and master teachers. 3. Master Musician-final stage represented the end of the student's studies and the beginning of his professional career. Composers: Jean Baptiste Lully (1632-1687) Italian who was noteworthy in the development of the opera Johann Pachelbel (1653-1706) German composer of Canon in D Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) Italian specializing in violin compositions Henry Purcell (1658-1695) Englishman who wrote familiar fanfares and anthems Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) Italian who created the operatic form that is used today Antonio Vivaldi (1675-1743) Italian who wrote the Four Seasons Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) A sacred German composer, thought to be the greatest composer ever. Like many composers, he learned his craft by copying other great works by hand. He consequently went blind later in his life. His death marked the end of the Baroque Period. He married twice and had 20 children, many who went on to become famous composers. Of his hundreds of compositions, familiar works include Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring and The Brandenburg Concertos. Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) Italian harpsichord composer whose works are still familiar Georg Fredrich Handel (1685-1759) German who wrote for the English including The Messiah, Royal Fireworks and Water Music. He went blind the last 6 years of his life. Some Instruments: Violin - became much more popular in music literature Harpsichord - keyboard mechanism that plucked strings, gained popularity during this period Organ - keyboard instrument - air through pipes was generated by muscle power using billows Piano (invented in 1710) because the strings were hammered instead of plucked; it had dynamic variation with the key stroke. Thus, the original name was "Pianoforte". Listening Examples: Toccata and Fugue, Messiah, Royal Fireworks, Water Music, Harmonious Blacksmith