Download cardiovascular system exam review packet!!

NAME: ________________________________________ DATE: _______________ BLOCK: ____
Label the exterior features of the heart.
aortic arch
left common carotid artery
right atrium
apex
left coronary artery
right coronary artery
ascending aorta
left pulmonary artery
right pulmonary artery
brachiocephalic artery
left pulmonary veins
right pulmonary veins
inferior vena cava
left subclavian artery
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle
superior vena cava
Open-ended heart anatomy questions (This is how questions on the test will be…not as a label the diagram style!)
1.
2.
3.
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located between which two chambers of the heart?
Which two heart chambers pump oxygenated blood?
Name all of the veins that return blood to the heart:
4.
5.
6.
Which vessel stemming from the aortic arch, delivers up the right side of the neck?
The ‘tip’ of the heart that points toward the left hip is the:
What is the function of the coronary artery? What might happen if a blockage occurs in this artery?
Label the interior diagram of the heart.
aorta
aortic semilunar valve
bicuspid or mitral valve
inferior vena cava
interventricular septum
left atrium
left pulmonary artery
left pulmonary veins
left ventricle
myocardium
pulmonary semilunar valve
right atrium
right pulmonary artery
right pulmonary veins
right ventricle
superior vena cava
tricuspid valve
visceral pericardium
Open-ended heart anatomy questions (This is how questions on the test will be…not as a label the diagram style!)
1.
2.
3.
4.
The types of valves between the heart and the rest of the body are called:
The wall of muscle between the two ventricles is called:
Put these in order from outermost to innermost: myocardium, endocardium, epicardium
What is the sac around the heart called? Describe its structure including the concept of serous fluid.
5.
You are currently in the right ventricle. Write the steps taken to get to the capillaries in the legs. Include all
important valves and vessels that we discussed in class.
Label the parts of the circulatory system. Use arrows to show the direction of blood flow. Make the arrows two
different colors to distinguish between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Make a key to show which color is which.
aorta
capillary beds of left lung
capillary beds of lower body
capillary beds of right lung
capillary beds of upper body
inferior vena cava
left atrium
left pulmonary artery
left pulmonary vein
left ventricle
right atrium
right pulmonary artery
right pulmonary vein
right ventricle
superior vena cava
Explain what important function occurs in the capillaries. What vessels are immediately on either side of the capillaries?
What differences exist between arteries and veins? Include any exceptions to these.
Heart conduction & EKGs
In an EKG, the P wave represents
A. depolarization of the atria.
B. repolarization of the atria.
C. depolarization of the ventricles.
D. repolarization of the ventricles.
During the QT interval of the EKG, the
A. atria contract and begin to relax.
B. atria relax.
C. ventricles contract and begin to relax.
D. ventricles relax.
The portion of the heart’s intrinsic conduction system located in the interventricular septum is the:
A. SA Node
B. Purkinje fibers
C. AV Node
D. Bundle of His and its branches
E. Spinal cord
Put the following steps in order
______ The atria contract and the depolarization wave reaches the AV node.
______ The depolarization wave reaches the Purkinje fibers.
______ The depolarization wave reaches the AV bundle, which separates into left and right bundles.
______ The depolarization originates at the SA node, which sets the pace for the heart.
______ The ventricles contract, starting from the apex and working its way upwards.
Label the diagram with the wave forms (INCLUDE SIGNIFICANT FEATURES USED IN INTERPRETATION…Ex: QT-segment)
Short answer:
1.
What is the function or purpose of the cardiovascular system? Use the terms oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes,
nutrients, and blood in your answer.
2.
What is the purpose of the valves in the heart?
3.
What is the function of the heart?
4.
Describe how the heart contracts. Use these terms in your answer: SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers,
atria, and ventricles.
5.
When blood leaves the aorta, which vessels does it move through and in what order? (word bank: veins, arteries,
arterioles, venules, and capillaries)
6.
Where do oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes move from cells into the blood?
7.
What is systolic pressure?
8.
What is diastolic pressure?
9.
What is considered a normal blood pressure reading?
10.
What blood pressure reading would be considered hypertension?
11.
What are two negative consequences or risks associated with hypertension.
Match the medical issue with the correct description by writing the letter in the first column.
Letter
Medical Issue
Description
angina pectoris
A. abnormal or unusual heart sounds
brachycardia
congestive heart failure
fibrillation
heart block
heart murmur
hypertension
hypotension
ischemia
myocardial infarction
pericarditis
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
tachycardia
thrombophlebitis
valvular stenosis
varicose veins
B. blood clot that moves to the lung
C. chest pain as a result of the myocardium being deprived of oxygen
D. damage to the AV node causing ventricular contraction to beat at own
rate (much slower)
E. high systolic (over 140 mmHg)
F. inflammation of the pericardium causing a decrease in serous fluids
G. inflammation of vein that results when clot forms in a vessel with poor
circulation
H. lack of adequate blood supply to the heart muscle
I. left side of heart fails so blood not pumped out to body, but instead
continues to move into lungs causing fluid to leak into lungs
J. low systolic (below 100 mmHg)
K. much slower heart rate (under 60 bpm)
L. pooling of blood in feet and legs and insufficient venous return; veins
become twisted and dilated
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
prolonged angina that kills heart cells
pumping efficiency of heart is diminished
rapid heart rate (over 100 bpm)
rapid uncoordinated shuddering of heart muscle
when valve flaps become stiff (often from endocarditis)
Use this section to summarize the articles from which extra credit questions will be taken:
Arteries vs. Veins: What’s the Difference?
Watch the Khan Academy video (link below), then fill in the chart with all of the DIFFERENCES between arteris and veins
that you learn. If a reason is given, make note of that too! Hint: for each difference you will have a pair of statements…see
example below.
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system-diseases/blood-vesseldiseases/v/arteries-vs-veins-what-s-the-difference
Arteries
Veins
EXAMPLE: Portrayed as red on diagrams
Portrayed as blue on diagrams
Go to http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Capillary.html and read only what is shown on the
site. Then summarize in your own words what capillaries are.