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CATEDRA ANATOMIA OMULUI
Subiecte pentru examenul de promovare
la disciplina Anatomia omului
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"Aprob"
Prorector pentru calitate şi integrare în învăţământ
IP USMF “Nicolae Testemiţanu”
Profesor universitar
Olga Cerneţchi
List of questions for the examination in Human Anatomy
Faculty of Stomatology, the Ist semester
(control of theoretical knowledge)
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS
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Human Anatomy and its role in medical fundamental and basic disciplines. Techniques of study in Anatomy.
Elements of orientation in human body, anatomical terminology.
Introduction to organ, system of organs, apparatuses.
Individual variability of the human body, constitutional types. General notions concerning the norm, its variations, anomalies.
Bone system. Bone as an organ: development, structure, mechanical and biological functions of the bones.
Classifications of the bones. Structure of a tubular bone.
The vertebral column, regional specific features. The vertebral column as a whole.
The sternum and ribs – structure, development, anomalies. The thoracic cage as a whole, its constitutional types, bony
landmarks of the thorax.
9. Skeleton of the shoulder girdle.
10. Skeleton of the free upper limb.
11. Bones of the pelvic girdle, bony pelvis as a whole.
12. Bones of the free lower limb.
13. Elements of the skeleton of the upper and lower limbs palpable on alive person.
14. Bone joints, their anatomical and biomechanical classification.
15. Synarthroses, their morphofunctional characteristics.
16. Classification of the diarthroses according to the axes of movements and shape of articular surfaces.
17. Obligatory and auxiliary elements of the diarthroses, their importance.
18. Simple, compound, complex and combined joints, exemples.
19. Joints of the vertebral column, their movements.
20. Joints of the ribs with the vertebrae and sternum, their functions.
21. Joints of the shoulder girdle bones, their functions.
22. The shoulder joint – structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
23. The elbow joint - structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
24. The radiocarpal joint - structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
25. Joints of the hand bones - structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
26. Joints of the pelvic bones. Pelvis as a whole, gender specific features, notion of the pelvimetry.
27. The hip joint - structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
28. The knee joint - structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
29. Joints of the leg bones. The ankle joint - structure, shape, functions.
30. Joints of the foot joints – structure, shape, ligaments, movements.
31. General structure of the muscles. Classification of the muscles. Muscle as an organ.
32. Auxiliary apparatus of the muscles.
33. Muscles and fasciae of the back – topography, functions.
34. Muscles and fasciae of the thorax – topography, functions.
35. Muscles of the abdomen - topography, functions. Fasciae of the abdomen, the sheath of the rectus abdominal muscle.
36. Weak places of the anterior abdominal wall. The inguinal canal.
37. The diaphragm – its structure, topography, functions, weak places.
38. Muscles of the shoulder girdle and the arm, topography, fasciae and their derivatives.
39. Axillary fossa and axillary cavity – limits, walls, topography, contents.
40. Muscles and fasciae of the forearm - topography, functions.
41. Muscles of the hand.
CATEDRA ANATOMIA OMULUI
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la disciplina Anatomia omului
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Muscles, fasciae and topography of the pelvis.
Muscles, fasciae and topography of the thigh.
Muscles, fasciae and topography of the leg.
Muscles, fasciae and topography of the foot.
Muscular landmarks of the trunk.
Muscular landmarks of the limbs
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
48. Introduction to splanhnology, components. Cavitary and parenchymal viscera, their structural features.
49. The esophagus – structure, topography, functions.
50. The stomach– structure, topography, functions, relation with the peritoneum.
51. The small intestine– structure, divisions, topography, functions, relations with the peritoneum.
52. The large intestine– structure, segments, topography, functions, relations with the peritoneum
53. The liver – structure, topography, functions, relations with the peritoneum, hepatic pedicle and hilum.
54. The gall bladder – structure, topography, functions. The intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ways.
55. The pancreas – structure, topography, functions.
56. The peritoneum, its derivatives, topography, functions.
57. The spleen, its structure, topography.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
58. The trachea and bronchi – their structure, topography, functions. The bronchial and alveolar tree.
59. The lungs– structure, topography, functions. Root of the lung and pulmonary hilum.
60. The pleura, pleural cavity – topography, sinuses.
61. The mediastinum – notion, compartments, contents.
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
62. The kidneys – structure, topography, functions, developmental anomalies. The nephron.
63. Renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder - structure, topography, functions.
64. The testis, epididymis, scrotum, its tunics.
65. The male urethra– structure, topography, flexures, constrictions and dilatations, functions.
66. The prostate, seminal vesicles - structure, topography, functions.
67. The deferent duct and spermatic cord - divisions, components.
68. Male genital external organs.
69. Female genital organs – classification, components.
70. The ovaries - structure, topography, functions, relations with the peritoneum.
71. The uterine tube - structure, topography, functions.
72. The uterus - structure, topography, functions, apparatus of fixation. The vagina - structure, topography.
73. Female genital external organs, female urethra.
74. The perineum - structure, gender specific features.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
75. General notions on the nervous system (components, general structure, types of neurons, functional role).
76. The spinal cord – external structure, topography, internal structure.
77. Segmental structure of the spinal cord, the roots, spinal ganglia, formation of the spinal nerves, their branches.
78. Primary and secondary cerebral vesicles, their derivatives.
79. The brainstem. The rhombencephalon – components, topography, functions.
80. The cerebellum - structure, functional role, connections with the neighboring anatomical structures.
81. The IV-th ventricle – topography, walls, communications. Topography of the gray matter of the rhomboid fossa.
82. The mesencephalon - structure, topography, functions, cerebral aqueduct.
83.The diencephalon - structure, topography, functions. The III-d ventricle - topography, walls, communications.
84. The telencephalon – components. External conformation of the cerebral hemisphere.
85. Localization of the functions in the cerebral cortex.
86. The basal nuclei.
87.The white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. The lateral ventricles – topography, portions, communications.
88. Spinal meninges – structure, topography, intermeningeal spaces, communications.
CATEDRA ANATOMIA OMULUI
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la disciplina Anatomia omului
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89. Cerebral meninges – general structure, topography, derivatives, spaces, communications, functions. Cerebrospinal fluid, its
circulation.
90. Endocrine glands - classification, structure, topography, functions.
91. The vegetative nervous system, general notions, centers, the highest vegetative centers.
92. Sympathetic part of the vegetative nervous system. The sympathetic chain – general structure, topography, portions.
93. Vegetative plexuses of the thoracic and abdominal cavities – formation, distributions, regions of supply.
94. The brachial plexus – formation, topography, branches, regions of supply.
95. The lumbar plexus – formation, topography, branches, regions of supply.
96. The sacral plexus – formation, topography, branches, regions of supply.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
97. The heart – its chambers, structure of the walls, topography.
98. The heart valves – structure, localization, points of auscultation of the heart murmurs.
99. The pericardium – structure, topography, sinuses.
100. Vascularization and innervation of the heart. Conductive system of the heart.
101. Systemic and pulmonary blood circulations, general scheme.
102. The aorta – its origin, segments, traiect, topography.
103. Arch of the aorta, its branches.
104. Arteries of the upper limb – route, topography, branches, anastomoses, areas of making pulse and compression.
105. Thoracic part of the descending aorta – topography, branches.
106. The abdominal aorta – route, topography, branches.
107. Common iliac, external and internal iliac arteries – origin, topography, branches.
108. Arteries of the lower limbs – origin, topography, branches, areas of making pulse and compression.
109. Vena cava superior – origin, topography, tributaries.
110. Vena porta – origin, topography, tributaries.
111. Vena cava inferior – origin, topography, tributaries.
112. Cavocaval and portocaval anastomoses, their applied importance.
113. Immune system – components, functions.
114. Thoracic lymph duct - origin, topography, regions of lymph drainage.
115. Right lymph duct - origin, topography, regions of lymph drainage.
116. Lymph vessels and nodes of the upper and lower limbs.
117. Lymphatics of the pelvis and abdominal cavity.
118. Lymphatics of the thoracic cage, its walls and axillary cavity.
List of questions on practical skills control in Human Anatomy
Demonstrate:
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Cervical vertebrae.
The I-st and II-d cervical vertebrae.
Thoracic vertebrae.
Lumbar vertebrae
Anatomical position of the ribs.
Anatomical position of the sternum.
Bones of the shoulder girdle.
Anatomical position of the humerus.
Bones of the forearm.
Bones of the hand.
Hip bone, anatomical position, divisions.
Anatomical position of the femur.
Bones of the leg.
Bones of the foot.
Joints of the shoulder girdle bones.
The shoulder joint.
The elbow joint.
The radiocarpal joint.
Joints of the hand bones.
CATEDRA ANATOMIA OMULUI
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20. Joints of the pelvic girdle.
21. The hip joint.
22. The knee joint.
23. The ankle joint.
24. Joints of the foot bones.
25. Superficial muscles of the back.
26. Muscles of the thorax.
27. The diaphragm.
28. Muscles of the abdomen.
29. Weak places of the anterior abdominal wall.
30. The inguinal canal.
31. Muscles of the shoulder girdle.
32. Muscles of the arm.
33. Anterior muscles of the forearm.
34. Posterior muscles of the forearm.
35. Groups of the hand muscles.
36. Muscles of the buttock.
37. Muscles of the thigh.
38. Muscles of the leg.
39. Groups of the foot muscles.
40. The oesophagus.
41. The stomach.
42. Division of the small intestine.
43. Division of the large intestine.
44. The coecum and vermiform appendix.
45. Digestive glands.
46. The liver and gallbladder.
47. Lobes of the liver.
48. Contents of the hepatic pedicle.
49. The pancreas.
50. The spleen.
51. The trachea and main bronchi.
52. Lobes of the lungs.
53. The hilum and root of the lungs.
54. The pleura.
55. The kidneys.
56. Internal structure of the kidney.
57. Renal hilum and renal pediuncle.
58. The ureter.
59. The urinary bladder.
60. Parts of the male urethra (plaster cast).
61. The testis.
62. The epididymis.
63. The deferent canal.
64. The prostate. The seminal vesicles.
65. The ovary.
66. The uterine tubes.
67. The uterus.
68. Ligaments of the uterus.
69. The urogenital diaphragm
70. Anatomical position of the heart.
71. Chambers of the heart.
72. Valves of the heart.
73. Projection of the heart on the anterior thoracic wall.
CATEDRA ANATOMIA OMULUI
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la disciplina Anatomia omului
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DATA:
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74. Zones of auscultation of the heart murmurs.
75. Blood vessels which open into the heart.
76. Blood vessels which start from the ventricles of the heart.
77. The aorta, its divisions.
78. The aortic arch, its branches.
79. Branches of the descending thoracic aorta.
80. The pulmonary trunk, its branches.
81. The superior vena cava.
82. The inferior vena cava.
83.The thoracic part of the sympathetic chain.
84. The thoracic lymphatic duct.
85. The bifurcation of the aorta.
86. The coeliac trunk.
87. The superior mesenteric artery.
88. The inferior mesenteric artery.
89. The portal vein.
90. The splenic artery and vein.
91. The renal artery and vein.
92. Branches of the lumbar plexus.
93. The iliac arteries and veins.
94. The sacral plexus, its branches.
95. The axillary artery.
96. Arteries of the arm and forearm.
97. The arterial palmar arches.
98. Superficial veins of the upper limb.
99. Long branches of the brachial plexus.
100.The femoral artery.
101.The anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
102.Arteries of the foot.
103.The femoral vein
104.Superficial veins of the lower limb.
105.The femoral nerve.
106.The sciatic nerve.
107.The tibial nerve, its branches.
108.The common peroneal nerve, its branches.
109.The plantar nerves.
110.Blood vessels and nerves of the femoral triangle.
111.Blood vessels and nerves of the vastoadductory canal.
112.Blood vessels and nerves of the cruropopliteal canal.
113.Blood vessels and nerves of the popliteal fossa.
114.The spinal cord, its divisions.
115.The encephalon, its parts.
116.The brain stem.
117.The myelencephalon, its external conformation.
118.The pons.
119.The cerebellum.
120.The midbrain.
121.The diencephalon, its structures.
122.Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere.
Aprobat la şedinţa catedrei Anatomia Omului.
Extras din procesul verbal nr. 6 din 06.12.2013
Şef catedră,
profesor universitar
I. Catereniuc