Download DSM guide - Staff Portal Camas School District

Holden’s Pocket DSM
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
Bipolar Disorder
o
At least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode (but not a fully manic
or mixed episode).
o Symptoms cause distress or difficulty in some area of your life — such as relationships or work.
A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts
at least one week. Three of these traits persist:





Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Decreased need for sleep Unusual talkativeness
Racing thoughts; Distractibility
Increased goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually)
Doing things that have a high potential for painful consequences — for example, buying sprees,
sexual indiscretions or foolish investments
A major depressive episode presents five (or more) of the following symptoms over a two-week period:
 Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (feeling sad or empty)
 Diminished interest or feeling no pleasure in almost all activities
 Significant weight loss or weight gain
 Insomnia or increased desire to sleep
 Either restlessness or slowed behavior that can be observed by others
 Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
 Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day
 Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day
 Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, or a suicide attempt
Dysthymic Disorder

For an adult, depressed mood most of the day for
two or more years
 For a child, depressed mood or irritability most of
the day for at least one year
In addition to that, you must have at least two of these
symptoms, and they must cause distress or interfere
with your ability to function in your daily life:







Poor appetite or overeating
Sleep problems
Tiredness or lack of energy
Low self-esteem
Hopelessness
Poor concentration
Trouble making decisions
Major Depression
Depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in daily
activities for more than two weeks.
• Mood is changed from the person's baseline.
• Impaired function: social, occupational, educational.
• Specific symptoms, at least 5 of these 9, present
nearly every day:
1. Depressed mood or irritable most of the day, nearly
every day
2. Decreased interest or pleasure in most activities,
most of each day
3. Significant weight change (5%) or change in appetite
4. Change in sleep: Insomnia or hypersomnia
5. Change in activity: agitation or slowing
6. Fatigue or loss of energy
7. Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
8. Concentration: diminished ability to think or
concentrate, or more indecisiveness
9. Suicidality: Thoughts of death or suicide, or has
suicide plan
Post Trauamatic Stress Disorder
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Trauma survivors must have been exposed to actual or threatened:
 Death, serious injury, sexual violence
The symptoms envelope ways that someone re-experiences the event:
 Intrusive thoughts or memories; nightmares related to the traumatic event, flashbacks, feeling like
the event is happening again; psychological and physical reactivity to reminders of the traumatic
event, such as an anniversary
Avoidant symptoms describe ways that someone may try to avoid any memory of the event, and must
include one of the following:
 Avoiding thoughts, feelings, people, or situations connected to the traumatic event
Basically, there is a decline in someone’s mood or though patterns, which can include:
 Memory problems that are exclusive to the event; negative thoughts or beliefs about one’s self or the
world; distorted sense of blame for one’s self or others, related to the event, being stuck in severe
emotions related to the trauma (e.g. horror, shame, sadness); severely reduced interest in pretrauma activities; feeling detached, isolated or disconnected from other people
Increased arousal symptoms are used to describe the ways that the brain remains “on edge,” wary and
watchful of further threats. Symptoms include the following:
 Difficulty concentrating; Irritability, increased temper or anger; difficulty falling or staying asleep;
hypervigilance; being easily startled
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Diagnosed when a person’s pattern of antisocial
behavior has occurred since age 15 and consists of the
majority of these symptoms:
 Failure to conform to social norms with
respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by
repeatedly performing acts that are grounds
for arrest
 Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying,
use of aliases, or conning others for personal
profit or pleasure
 Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead
 Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by
repeated physical fights or assaults
 Reckless disregard for safety of self or others
 Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by
repeated failure to sustain consistent work
behavior or honor financial obligations
 Lack of remorse, as indicated by being
indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt,
mistreated, or stolen from another
A person with this disorder will also often exhibit
impulsive behaviors and have a majority of the
following symptoms:
 Frantic efforts to avoid real/imagined
abandonment
 A pattern of unstable and intense
interpersonal relationships between
extremes of idealization and devaluation
 Identity disturbance, such as a significant and
persistent unstable self-image or sense of self
 Impulsivity in at least two areas that are
potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex,
substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating)
 Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or
threats, or self-mutilating behavior
 Emotional instability due to significant
reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic
dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting
a few hours to a few days)
 Chronic feelings of emptiness
 Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty
controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of
temper, constant anger, recurrent physical
fights)
 Transient, stress-related paranoid thoughts or
severe dissociative symptoms