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Marine and coastal thematic assessment for the EEA’s 2010 State of the Environment report Trine Christiansen (EEA) What is SOER 2010? Thematic assessments Understanding climate change SOER 2010 - Synthesis - Mitigating climate change Country assessments Country profiles National and regional stories Adapting to climate change Biodiversity Common environmental themes Land use Climate change mitigation Soil Land use Marine and coastal environment Consumption and environment Assessment of global megatrends Nature protection and biodiversity Waste Material resources and waste Social megatrends Freshwater Water resources: quantity & flows Technological megatrends Air pollution Freshwater quality Economic megatrends Air pollution Environmental megatrends Urban environment Political megatrends Each EEA member country (32) and EEA cooperating country (6) assessed all six environmental themes above. EEA member countries and seas covered Thematic assessment • • • • • State of marine ecosystems and habitats Climate change impacts State and impacts of chemical pollution Fisheries Environmental impacts from shipping and other maritime sectors • Maritime Policy and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Nature Conservation: The Habitats and Birds Directives Conservation status of habitats in Marine ecosystems 10% 40% 30% 20% Favourable Unfav-Inad Unfav-Bad Unknow n Fish (39) FV Invertebrates (6) Unknown U1 U2 Mammals (64) Reptiles (12) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Nutrient Enrichment: winter nitrogen Baltic Sea Sweden (32) Open sea (67) Belgium (16) Denmark (13) France (1) Germany (24) Netherlands (20) Norway (8) Sweden (10) Open sea (81) NE Atlantic North Sea Denmark (20) Estonia (5) Finland (93) Germany (14) Latvia (8) Lithuania (13) Poland (16) United Kingdom (1) Mediterranean Levels Trends 1985-2008 Croatia (13) Greece (6) Italy (2) Open sea (0) Ireland (85) Open sea (35) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% % of stations Decrease No trend Increase Nutrient Cocentrations: winter phosphate NE Atlantic North Sea Baltic Sea Trends 1985-2008 Mediterranean Levels Denmark (20) Estonia (5) Finland (93) Germany (15) Latvia (8) Lithuania (13) Poland (14) Sweden (35) Open sea (67) Belgium (21) Denmark (13) France (1) Germany (24) Netherlands (20) Norway (8) Sweden (10) Open sea (81) France (3) Ireland (85) United Kingdom (1) Open sea (35) Croatia (13) Greece (6) Italy (2) Open sea (0) 0% 20% 40% 60% % of stations Decrease No trend Increase 80% 100% Chl-aconcentrations and trends in ocean color Levels Trends State and trend of 7 hazardous chemicals EU-27 catch Status of fish stocks Supply gap Aquaculture production 2 00000 0 EU15 & EFTA 1 80000 0 EU7, EU2 & othe rs 1 60000 0 1 40000 0 s 1 20000 0 e n n o tn o it 1 00000 0 cu d o rP 8000 00 6000 00 4000 00 2000 00 0 1990 1 991 19 92 1993 1994 1 995 199 6 1997 1998 19 99 Year 200 0 2001 2 002 20 03 2004 2005 2 006 200 7 2008 Shipping Illegal operational oil discharges Accidental oilspills 160000 20 Oil spilt Number of accidents 18 140000 Number of accidents (> 7 tonnes oil spilt) Tonnes of oil split (for accidents >7 tonnes) 16 120000 14 100000 12 80000 10 8 60000 6 40000 4 20000 2 0 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Year Source: German Federal Pollution Control Authority Cummulative Installations 2500 2000 2000 Energy output (MW) Energy output (MW) Development of marine renewable energy 1500 1000 500 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year Cumul a tive Ins tal l a tions Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2009 Sea level rise Land cover change from 2000-06 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 -1 -2 -3 Artificial Areas ArableLand Pastures Forested Land Semi-natural OpenSpaces Wetlands Water bodies Sea surface temperature is increasing • All European Seas are getting warmer at the surface! • Temperatures are increasing more rapidly in Europe’s seas than globally. • Plankton are shifting their distributions northward due to warmer temperatures • Warm water species are increasingly found in Northerly waters New EU policy context: Ecosystem based management Coastal area EU Integrated Maritime Policy, incl. CFP Marine Strategy Framework Directive for the Protection and Conservation of the Marine Environment Marine Protected Areas (e.g. Natura2000) Water Framework Directive Cyclical approach of Marine Strategy Framework Directive 6 year cycle To be repeated every 6 years Criteria for GES • Published September 1, 2010 • 50+ new indicators for the marine environment • No inter regional agreement on how to report • Major activity to establish reporting process for data from initial assessments Integrated Maritime Policy – Marine knowledge 2020 - has identified Marine Observations as a need Policy relevant data Marine Core Service data Country data Research data E uropean Reference layers (maps) M O arine bservation D NET ata Wise-Marine MSFD work The role of GMES – the Marine Core Service and in-situ data • Marine core service provides near real time data on salinity, temperature and ocean currents for all EU seas • Based on a combination of models, satellite and in-situ observations Distributing information & knowledge DATA INDICATORS ASSESSMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION SERVICES for Decision-makers / The public / NGO’s / Researchers Wise-Marine Concept/process currently being discussed GIS, indicator visualisation, and interpretation for wider EU assessments Marine Indicator Products Indicator 1 Methodologies (as agreed in indicator working group) Methods and processes by indicator/groups of indicators/themes Prepared data Data Reporting layer Datafeeds or reference sources (examples) 25 EIONET EMODNET GMES Indicator 2,3,4,… Marine Conventions Reference layers National DC’s EU Compliance Check •Initial assessment •Determination of GES •Establishments of comprehensive targets •Implementation of monitoring programme Common Reference sources data input: Sea Surface temperature Analysis: Assessment: Over the past 25 years the rate of increase in sea surface temperature in all European seas has been about 10 times faster than the average rate of increase during the past century. In five European seas the warming occurs even more rapidly. In the North and Baltic Seas temperature rose five to six times faster than the global average over the past 25 years, and three times faster in the Black and Mediterranean Seas.