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Name: ________________ Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80) (p.70 Electromagnetic Energy) 1. Define Electromagnetic Energy: ENERGY THAT IS RADIATED IN THE FORM OF TRANSVERSE WAVES. 2. Draw a typical transverse wave and label its wavelength (use figure 5-1 as a guide) (p.71 Characteristics & Types of Electromagnetic Energy) 3. What kind of electromagnetic energy does the human eye detect? VISIBLE LIGHT 4. What kinds of electromagnetic energy are considered long wave? Short wave? LONGWAVE – INFRARED, MICROWAVE, RADIO SHORTWAVE – X-RAYS, ULTRAVIOLET, GAMMA (Interactions Between Electromagnetic Energy and an Environment) 5. What are the five ways electromagnetic energy can interact with material? REFRACTED (BEND), REFLECTED, SCATTERED, TRANSMITTED (PASS THROUGH), & ABSORBED. 6. How does color affect the amount of energy absorbed? DARKER COLOR THE MORE LIGHT IT ABSORBS 7. How does texture affect the amount of energy absorbed? THE ROUGHER THE SURFACE THE MORE ENERGY IT WILL ABSORB, AND THE LESS IT WILL REFLECT. Answer questions 1 – 12 on p.72 (p.72 Transfer of Energy) 8. Which way does energy move? This is known as the first law of thermodynamics Name: ________________ Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80) AWAY FROM A REGION OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF LOW CONCENTRATION. HOT COLD! 9. Describe the state of dynamic equilibrium? HEAT CONTINUES TO MOVE FROM THE SOURCE TO THE SINK UNTIL THEIR ENERGIES ARE EQUAL. BALANCE OF OPPOSING FORCES (Methods of Energy Transfer) 10. Define Conduction: TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY FROM ATOM TO ATOM WHEN VIBRATING ATOMS OR MOLECULES COLLIDE. 11. Why does conduction work best in solids? BECAUSE THE MOLECULES IN SOLIDS ARE CLOSE TOGETHER 12. Define Convection: THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY MOVEMENT OF FLUIDS. (DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY) 13. Why does a warmer fluid generally rise? WARMER FLUID LOW DENSITY 14. Why does a cooler fluid generally sink? COOLER FLUID HIGH DENSITY 15. Draw a picture of a convection current. Use figure 5-4 as a guide. Name: ________________ Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80) 16. Define Radiation: HEAT IS TRANSFERRED VIA (BY WAY OF) ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 17. How come energy can transfer from the Sun to the Earth and from the Earth to outer space if there is no air or other matter for the energy to travel through? RADIATION IS THE ONLY FORM OF ENERGY TRANSFER THAT DOESN’T REQUIRE MATTER. Answer questions 13 – 24 on pp.74 & 75 (p.75 Transformation of Energ – Heat Production) 18. How are waves and ocean currents formed? WHEN WIND BLOWS OVER THE OCEAN. FRICTION BETWEEN THE AIR AND THE WATER Transformation of Mechanical Energy 19. Define Kinetic Energy: ENERGY OF MOTION 20. Define Potential Energy: STORED ENERGY; ENERGY OF POSITION p.76 Transformation of Electromagnetic Energy 21. Compare the wavelength of absorbed energy to the wavelength of reradiated energy. RERADIATED ENERGY IS LONGER THAN THE ENERGY THAT WAS ABSORBED Name: ________________ Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80) 22. What kind of energy does the Earth emit? LONGER WAVELENGTHS THAN ABSORBED. EARTH ABSORBS VISIBLE LIGHT, & EMITTS INFRARED! Temperature 23. Define Temperature: A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES OF A BODY OF MATTER Heat & Thermal Energy 24. Define Calorie: HEAT ENERGY NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1GRAM OF LIQUID WATER 1ºC. Specific Heat 25. Define Specific Heat in simple terms: THE QUANTITY OF HEAT NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1g OF ANY SUBSTANCE 1ºC. Resistance to changes in temperature. 26. Since liquid water has the highest specific heat naturally occurring substances, explain why the ocean temperatures are cool on the first day summer. The ocean resists changing its temperature. The water Is cold from the winter and it will take time for it to Heat up. Answer questions 25 – 29 on p. 77. (p.77 Heat Energy and Change of State) 27. Fill in the chart below with the appropriate names for each phase change: Liquid 1. 2. 4. 5. 3. Solid 6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gas 28. Which phase changes require matter to absorb energy? S L G, Melting Evap Sublimation Solidification Condensation Sublimation Name: ________________ Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80) 29. Which phase changes require matter to release energy? G L S Study figures 5-6 & 5-7 on p.78. p.79 Solar Energy 30. How is solar energy produced? Nuclear Fusion 31. What is the reaction producing most of the solar energy in the sun? Nuclei of atoms are combined to form larger atomic Nuclei, releasing great amounts of energy. Hydrogen fuses to become Helium. Earth’s Own Energy 32. A lot of the energy and heat of the Earth’s interior is remnant from the Earth’s formation and early collision with large asteroids, but a good deal of the Earth’s energy comes from nuclear decay. What elements inside the Earth are decaying to produce energy? URANIUM & RADIUM Answer questions 30 – 40 on pp.79 & 80.