Download Period 6/7

Name: ________________
Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80)
(p.70 Electromagnetic Energy)
1. Define Electromagnetic Energy:
ENERGY THAT IS RADIATED
IN THE FORM OF TRANSVERSE
WAVES.
2. Draw a typical transverse wave and label its wavelength (use figure 5-1 as a guide)
(p.71 Characteristics & Types of Electromagnetic Energy)
3. What kind of electromagnetic energy does the human eye detect?
VISIBLE LIGHT
4. What kinds of electromagnetic energy are considered long wave? Short wave?
LONGWAVE – INFRARED, MICROWAVE, RADIO
SHORTWAVE – X-RAYS, ULTRAVIOLET, GAMMA
(Interactions Between Electromagnetic Energy and an Environment)
5. What are the five ways electromagnetic energy can interact with material?
REFRACTED (BEND), REFLECTED, SCATTERED,
TRANSMITTED (PASS THROUGH), & ABSORBED.
6. How does color affect the amount of energy absorbed?
DARKER COLOR THE MORE LIGHT IT ABSORBS
7. How does texture affect the amount of energy absorbed?
THE ROUGHER THE SURFACE THE MORE ENERGY
IT WILL ABSORB, AND THE LESS IT WILL
REFLECT.
Answer questions 1 – 12 on p.72
(p.72 Transfer of Energy)
8. Which way does energy move? This is known as the first law of thermodynamics
Name: ________________
Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80)
AWAY FROM A REGION OF HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF LOW
CONCENTRATION.
HOT  COLD!
9. Describe the state of dynamic equilibrium?
HEAT CONTINUES TO MOVE FROM THE
SOURCE TO THE SINK UNTIL THEIR
ENERGIES ARE EQUAL.
BALANCE OF OPPOSING FORCES
(Methods of Energy Transfer)
10. Define Conduction:
TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY FROM ATOM
TO ATOM WHEN VIBRATING ATOMS OR
MOLECULES COLLIDE.
11. Why does conduction work best in solids?
BECAUSE THE MOLECULES IN SOLIDS ARE
CLOSE TOGETHER
12. Define Convection:
THE TRANSFER OF HEAT BY MOVEMENT OF
FLUIDS. (DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY)
13. Why does a warmer fluid generally rise?
WARMER FLUID  LOW DENSITY
14. Why does a cooler fluid generally sink?
COOLER FLUID  HIGH DENSITY
15. Draw a picture of a convection current. Use figure 5-4 as a guide.
Name: ________________
Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80)
16. Define Radiation:
HEAT IS TRANSFERRED VIA (BY WAY OF)
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
17. How come energy can transfer from the Sun to the Earth and from the Earth to outer space if
there is no air or other matter for the energy to travel through?
RADIATION IS THE ONLY FORM OF ENERGY
TRANSFER THAT DOESN’T REQUIRE
MATTER.
Answer questions 13 – 24 on pp.74 & 75
(p.75 Transformation of Energ – Heat Production)
18. How are waves and ocean currents formed?
WHEN WIND BLOWS OVER THE OCEAN.
FRICTION BETWEEN THE AIR AND THE
WATER
Transformation of Mechanical Energy
19. Define Kinetic Energy:
ENERGY OF MOTION
20. Define Potential Energy:
STORED ENERGY; ENERGY OF POSITION
p.76 Transformation of Electromagnetic Energy
21. Compare the wavelength of absorbed energy to the wavelength of reradiated energy.
RERADIATED ENERGY IS LONGER THAN
THE ENERGY THAT WAS ABSORBED
Name: ________________
Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80)
22. What kind of energy does the Earth emit?
LONGER WAVELENGTHS THAN ABSORBED.
EARTH ABSORBS VISIBLE LIGHT, & EMITTS INFRARED!
Temperature
23. Define Temperature:
A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE KINETIC
ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES OF A BODY OF
MATTER
Heat & Thermal Energy
24. Define Calorie:
HEAT ENERGY NEEDED TO RAISE
THE TEMPERATURE OF 1GRAM OF LIQUID
WATER 1ºC.
Specific Heat
25. Define Specific Heat in simple terms:
THE QUANTITY OF HEAT NEEDED TO RAISE
THE TEMPERATURE OF 1g OF ANY SUBSTANCE
1ºC. Resistance to changes in temperature.
26. Since liquid water has the highest specific heat naturally occurring substances, explain why the
ocean temperatures are cool on the first day summer.
The ocean resists changing its temperature. The water
Is cold from the winter and it will take time for it to
Heat up.
Answer questions 25 – 29 on p. 77.
(p.77 Heat Energy and Change of State)
27. Fill in the chart below with the appropriate names for each phase change:
Liquid
1.
2.
4.
5.
3.
Solid
6.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Gas
28. Which phase changes require matter to absorb energy? S  L  G,
Melting
Evap
Sublimation
Solidification
Condensation
Sublimation
Name: ________________
Topic 5 – Energy in Earth Processes (pp.70 – 80)
29. Which phase changes require matter to release energy? G  L  S
Study figures 5-6 & 5-7 on p.78.
p.79 Solar Energy
30. How is solar energy produced?
Nuclear Fusion
31. What is the reaction producing most of the solar energy in the sun?
Nuclei of atoms are combined to form larger atomic
Nuclei, releasing great amounts of energy.
Hydrogen fuses to become Helium.
Earth’s Own Energy
32. A lot of the energy and heat of the Earth’s interior is remnant from the Earth’s formation and
early collision with large asteroids, but a good deal of the Earth’s energy comes from nuclear
decay. What elements inside the Earth are decaying to produce energy?
URANIUM & RADIUM
Answer questions 30 – 40 on pp.79 & 80.