Download CHAPTER 7 READING GUIDE – IONIC COMPOUNDS AND METALS

CHAPTER 7 READING GUIDE – IONIC COMPOUNDS AND METALS
1. A _____________________ bond is the force that holds two atoms together.
2. Chemical bonds can form by the attraction between the ______________ nucleus of one atom and the __________________
electrons of another atom, or by the attraction between positive ____________ and negative _____________.
3. An ______________-_________________ structure is a type of diagram used to keep track of ____________________ electrons.
4. A ____________________ ion forms when an atom loses one or more valence electrons in order to attain a ______________ gas
configuration.
5. By losing an ________________, the sodium atom acquires the stable outer-electron configuration of ______________.
6. It is important to understand that although ________________ now has the electron configuration of __________________, it is
not neon.
7. ______________ atoms are reactive because they lose valence electrons easily.
8. The group _________ and __________ metals are the most reactive metals on the periodic table.
9. Although the formation of an ________________ is the most stable electron configuration, other electron configurations can
provide some ________________.
10. ____________________, which are located on the right side of the periodic table, easily gain _________________ to attain a
stable outer electron configuration.
11. An ________________ is a negatively charged ion.
12. The ________________ force that holds oppositely charged particles together in an ionic compound is referred to as an
____________________ bond.
13. Many ionic compounds are ________________, which means that they contain only two different elements.
14. The __________________ bonds in a compound determine many of its ____________________.
15. The strong attractions among the _________________ ions and the __________________ ions in an __________________
compound result in the formation of a ___________________ lattice.
16. _________________ point, __________________point, and ___________________ are physical properties of matter that depend
on how strongly the particles that make up the matter are __________________ to one another.
17. _________________ are charged particles, so whether they are free to move determines whether an ionic compound conducts
____________________.
18. Both _________________ compounds in solution and in the liquid state are excellent conductors of _____________________.
19. An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts an electric current is called an ______________________.
20. Ionic crystals have ____________ melting points and _______________ boiling points.
21. During every chemical reaction, energy is either __________________ or ______________________.
22. If energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction, the reaction is _______________________. If energy is released, it is
____________________.
23. Because chemists around the world need to be able to communicate with one another, they have developed a set of rules for
__________________ compounds.
24. A ___________________ ion is a one-atom ion such as ________ or _________.
25. The charge of a monatomic ion is known as its ____________________ number, or oxidation state.
26. The __________________ number of an element in an ionic compound equals the number of ____________________ transferred
from the atom to form the ion.
27. In the chemical formula for an ionic compound, the symbol of the ________________ is always written first, followed by the
symbol of the __________________.
28. __________________, which are small numbers to the lower right of a symbol, represent the number of ______________ of each
element in an ionic compound.
29. Many ionic compounds contain ___________________ ions, which are ions made up of more than one atom.
30. Because a polyatomic ion exists as a unit, never change ________________ of the atoms within the ion.
31. If more than one polyatomic ion is needed, place _____________________ around the ion and write the appropriate subscript
outside the parenthesis.
32. ___________________ often form lattices in the solid state.
33. The _______________ sea model proposes that all the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their __________________
electrons to form a sea of electrons.
34. A _________________bond is the attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons.
35. In general, _______________ have moderately high melting points and high boiling points.
36. Metal are ______________________, which means they can be hammered into sheets, and they are __________________, which
means they can be drawn into wire.
37. The movement of mobile __________________ around positive metallic cations makes the metals good ___________________.
38. An _______________ is a mixture of elements that has metallic properties.
39. _____________ steel, ________________, and cast ________________ are a few of the many useful alloys.