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Transcript
8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 9 Key Terms Section 1 1. deposition: process in which sediment is laid down in new locations 2. erosion: the process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered rock or soil. 3. gravity: a force that moves rocks and other materials downhill; that force that pulls objects toward each other 4. mass movement: any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill 5. sediment: small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion Section 2 1. alluvial fan: a wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range 2. delta: a landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake 3. flood plain: wide valley through which a river flows 4. groundwater: water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers 5. gully: a large channel in soil formed by erosion 6. karst topography: a region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns and sinkholes 7. meander: a looplike bend in the course of a river 8. oxbow lake: a meander cut off from a river 9. rill: a tiny groove in soil made by flowing water 10. runoff: water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground 11. stalactite: a calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave 12. stalagmite: a cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave 13. stream: a channel through which water is continually flowing downhill 14. tributary: a stream or smaller river that feeds into a main river Section 3 1. abrasion: the grinding away of rock by particles carried in water, ice, or wind 2. energy: the ability to do work or cause change 3. friction: the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface 4. kinetic energy: the energy an object has due to its motion 5. load: the amount of sediment that a river or stream carries 6. potential energy: energy that is stored and available to be used later 7. turbulence: a type of movement of water in which, rather than moving downstream, the water moves every which way Section 4 1. continental glacier: a glacier that covers much of a continent or large island 2. glacier: a large mass of moving ice and snow on land 8th Grade Earth Science Chapter 9 Key Terms 3. ice age: time in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of Earth’s surface 4. kettle: a small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till 5. moraine: a ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier 6. plucking: the process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land 7. till: the sediments deposited directly by a glacier 8. valley glacier: a long narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley. Section 5 1. beach: wave washed sediment along a coast 2. headland: a part of the shore that sticks our into the ocean 3. longshore drift: the movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming into shore at an angle 4. spit: a beach formed by longshore drift that projects link a finger out into the water Section 6 1. deflation: wind erosion that removes surface materials 2. loess: a wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt 3. sand dune: a deposit of wind-blown sand