Download glaciers coastal key

Name
Roy G Biv
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagram below. The arrows show the
direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has
formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited).
The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been
constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline
to trap beach sand.
1. The groin structure will change the pattern of deposition along the shoreline, initially causing
the beach to become
1 wider on the western side of the groin 2 wider on the eastern side of the groin
3 narrower on both sides of the groin
4 wider on both sides of the groin
2. Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the
headlands?
1 quartz and olivine
2 plagioclase feldspar and amphibole
3 potassium feldspar and biotite
4 pyroxene and calcite
3. The sediments that have been deposited by streams flowing into the lagoon are most likely
1 sorted and layered
3 unsorted and layered
2 sorted and not layered
4 unsorted and not layered
4. Most of the surface materials in New York State
can be classified as
1
2
3
4
igneous rocks
metamorphic rocks
coastal plain deposits
transported soils
5. Which natural agent of erosion is mainly
responsible for the formation of the barrier
islands along the southern coast of Long Island,
New York?
1 mass movement 2 running water
3 prevailing winds 4 ocean waves
6. How would unsorted piles of angular sediments
most likely be transported and deposited?
1 wind
3 ocean waves
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2 glaciers
4 running water
Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 on
11. Base your answer to the following question on the
the diagram below, which shows ocean waves
diagram below, which represents a shoreline with
approaching a shoreline. A groin (a short wall of
waves approaching at an angle. The exposed
rocks perpendicular to the shoreline) and a
bedrock of the wave-cut cliff is granite. Arrow A
breakwater (an offshore structure) have been
shows the direction of the longshore current and
constructed alone the beach. Letters A, B, C, D,
arrow B shows the general path of wave travel.
and E represent locations in the area.
A large storm with high winds that develops out
at sea is most likely to result in
7. At which location will the beach first begin to
widen due to sand deposition?
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 E
8. The size of the bulge in the beach at position D
will
1 decrease
2 increase
3 remain the same
9. What is the most common cause of the
approaching waves?
1 decreased erosion along the shoreline
2 increased deposition along the shoreline
3 increased wave height near the shore
4 unchanged shoreline features
12. The photograph below shows farm buildings
partially buried in silt.
1 underwater earthquakes
2 variations in ocean-water density
3 the gravitational effect of the Moon
4 winds at the ocean surface
10. The diagram below represents a side view of a
hill (drumlin) that was deposited by a glacier on
the Atlantic coast.
Which erosional agent most likely piled the silt
against these buildings?
1 glacial ice
3 wind
This hill is most likely composed of
1
2
3
4
cemented sediments
unsorted sediments
vertically layered sediments
horizontally layered sediments
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2 ocean waves
4 mass movement
13. The photograph below shows both erosional and depositional features formed by an agent of
erosion.
Which agent of erosion produced the features shown in the photograph?
1 running water
2 glacial ice
3 ocean waves
4 prevailing wind
14. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the drainage
basin of the Mississippi River system. Several rivers that flow into the Mississippi River are
labeled. The arrow at location X shows where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of
Mexico.
The structure formed by the deposition of sediments at location X is best described as a
1 moraine
2 tributary
3 delta
4 drumlin
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Base your answers to questions 15 through 17 on the maps and data table below and on your
knowledge of Earth science. Map I shows the Outer Banks and part of North Carolina along
the southeastern coast of the United States. Maps II and III show enlargements of the
Avon-Buxton section of the Outer Banks indicated by box X on map I. Map II shows the land
and shoreline in 1852. Map III shows the land and shoreline in 1998. The dotted line on map
III shows the location of the 1852 shoreline. The data table shows the average width, in
meters, at various years, of the Avon-Buxton section.
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13. The Outer Banks were formed primarily from sediments eroded and deposited by ocean
waves. Which type of landform are the Outer Banks?
1 outwash plains
3 river deltas
2 moraine deposits
4 barrier islands
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16. Which bar graph best shows the average width of the Avon-Buxton section of the Outer
Banks from 1852 to 1998?
1
2
3
4
17. Which ocean current has the greatest warming influence on the climate of the Outer Banks of
North Carolina?
1 Gulf Stream Current
3 Labrador Current
2 North Atlantic Current
4 Canary Current
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18. The map below shows coastal features of a portion of Long Island, New York. Point A
represents a location on a landscape feature that resulted from wave action and longshore
currents.
On which landscape feature is point A located?
1 moraine
2 delta
3 barrier island 4 floodplain
19. Base your answer to the following question on the contour map below, which shows a hill
formed by glacial deposition near Rochester, New York. Letters A through E are reference
points. Elevations are in feet.
This glacial deposit is best identified as
1 a V-shaped valley
3 a drumlin
2 a sand dune
4 an outwash plain
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20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the edge of a
continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X
to Y represents a landscape feature.
Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts?
1 drumlin
2 moraine
3 kettle lake
4 finger lake
21. The graph below shows the snow line (the
22. The diagram below represents a stream valley.
elevation above which glaciers form at different
Which diagram below best shows how this
latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere).
valley might be modified after a glacier has
moved through it?
At which location would a glacier most likely
form?
1
2
3
4
0° latitude at an elevation of 6,000 m
15° N latitude at an elevation of 4,000 m
30° N latitude at an elevation of 3,000 m
45° N latitude at an elevation of 1,000 m
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1
2
3
4
23. The diagram below represents a core sample of
a sedimentary deposit found at a particular
location. The deposition most likely occurred as
a result of
1
2
3
4
25. The velocity of the ice movement is primarily
controlled by the
1
2
3
4
slope of the bedrock surface
amount of sediment at the terminal moraine
length of the glacier
size of the sediment transported by the
glacier
Base your answers to questions 26 through 28
on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the
diagram below. The diagram represents a glacier
moving out of a mountain valley. The water
from the melting glacier is flowing into a lake.
Letters A through F identify points within the
erosional/depositional system.
dropping directly from a glacier
an avalanche on a mountainside
a decrease in the velocity of a stream
dropping of weathered rock fragments from
a cliff
Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the
diagram which represents a profile of a
mountain glacier in the northern United States.
26. An interface between erosion and deposition by
the ice is most likely located between points
1 A and B
2 B and C
3 C and D
4 D and E
27. Colloidal-sized sediment particles carried by
water are most probably being deposited at
point
24. Which cross section best represents the
sediment that was transported and deposited by
this glacier?
1
2
3
4
1 F
2 B
3 C
4 D
28. Deposits of unsorted sediments would probably
be found at location
1 E
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2 F
3 C
4 D
29. Base your answer to the following question on
the Earth Science Reference Tables and the
diagram below. The diagram represents two
branches of a valley glacier. Points A, B, G, and
H are located on the surface of the glacier. Point
X is located at the interface between the ice and
the bedrock. The arrows indicate the general
direction of ice movement.
30. Wooden stakes were placed on a glacier in a
straight line as represented by A–A' in the
diagram below. The same stakes were observed
later in the positions represented by B–B'.
The pattern of movement of the stakes provides
evidence that
1 glacial ice does not move
2 glacial ice is melting faster than it
accumulates
3 the glacier is moving faster in the center than
on the sides
Metal stakes were placed on the surface of the
glacier in a straight line from position A to
position B. Which diagram best shows the
position of the metal stakes several years later?
1
2
3
4
4 friction is less along the sides of the glacier
than in the center
31. The cross section below represents the transport
of sediments by a glacier.
At which location is deposition most likely the
dominant process?
1 A
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2 B
3 C
4 D
32. The cross section below represents large
boulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzite
that are found lying on limestone bedrock near
Oswego, New York.
33. The diagram below shows rock material being
transported by a mountain glacier.
If no overturning of bedrock has occurred,
which statement correctly explains the source of
the boulders?
1 The limestone was changed by contact
metamorphism caused by a lava flow.
2 The limestone bedrock formed under
conditions of high heat and pressure.
3 Older igneous and metamorphic bedrock
that once covered the limestone eroded
away, forming the boulders.
4 The boulders were transported and deposited
on the limestone bedrock by a glacier.
The moraine deposits left when this glacier
melts will generally be
1
2
3
4
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sorted by size and layered
sorted by size and unlayered
unsorted by size and layered
unsorted by size and unlayered
Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on
the map and cross section below. The map shows the shapes and locations of New York
State's 11 Finger Lakes and the locations of some major glacial deposits (moraines) left
behind by the last ice age. The cross section shows surface elevations, valley depths, and
water depths of the Finger Lakes.
34. The general shape of the Finger Lakes and the pattern of moraine deposits found across
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York are evidence that the continental glacier was
advancing from
1 south to north 2 north to south 3 east to west
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4 west to east
35. Which statement provides the best evidence that New York State’s Finger Lakes formed as a
result of continental glaciation?
1 The lake surfaces are above sea level.
2 The lakes fill long, narrow, U-shaped valleys.
3 The lakes are partially filled with sorted beds of sediment.
4 The lakes are surrounded by sharp, jagged peaks and ridges.
Base your answers to questions 36 through 39 on the passage below and on your knowledge
of Earth science.
Watching the Glaciers Go
Mountain glaciers and ice caps in tropical areas of the world are melting fast
and may vanish altogether by the year 2020. That was the chilling news last year
from Lonnie Thompson, a geologist at Ohio State University’s Byrd Polar
Research Center who has been studying icy areas near the equator in South
America, Africa, and the Himalayas for two decades.
It doesn’t take a glacier scientist to see the changes. In 1977, when
Thompson visited the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru, it was impossible not to notice
a schoolbus-size boulder stuck in its grip. When Thompson returned in 2000,
the rock was still there but the ice wasn’t — it had retreated far into the distance.
Most scientists believe the glaciers are melting because of global warming —
the gradual temperature increase that has been observed with increasing urgency
during the past decade. Last year a panel of the nation’s top scientists, the
National Research Council, set aside any lingering skepticism about the
phenomenon, concluding definitively that average global surface temperatures
are rising and will continue to do so.
“Watching the
Glaciers Go,”
Popular
Science,vol. #7, January 2002
36. State one greenhouse gas that is an excellent absorber of infrared radiation and maybe
responsible for global warming.
37. Describe the arrangement of sediment deposited directly from glaciers.
38. Some glaciers currently exist near Earth’s equator due to the cold, snowy climate of certain
locations. Which type of landform exists where these glaciers occur?
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39. Describe one action humans could take to reduce the global warming that is melting the
Quelccaya ice cap.
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Base your answers to questions 40 through 43 on the map below and on your knowledge of
Earth science. The map shows a retreating valley glacier and the features that have formed
because of the advance and retreat of the glacier.
40. Describe one piece of evidence likely to be found on the exposed bedrock surfaces that could
indicate the direction this glacier moved.
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41. Describe one difference between the arrangement of sediment in the moraines and the
arrangement of sediment in the outwash plain.
42. Describe the most likely shape of the valley being formed due to erosion by this glacier.
43. Explain why the glacial ice absorbs less solar radiation than the surrounding exposed
bedrock and soil.
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Answer Key
glaciers and coastal
1.
2
35.
2.
2
36.
3.
1
4.
4
5.
4
6.
2
7.
2
8.
2
9.
4
10.
2
11.
3
12.
3
13.
2
14.
3
15.
4
16.
3
17.
1
18.
3
19.
3
20.
3
21.
1
22.
4
23.
3
24.
4
25.
1
26.
2
27.
1
28.
3
29.
1
30.
3
31.
4
32.
4
33.
4
34.
2
37.
38.
39.
2
41.
Moraines:
–unsorted
Responses include,
sediments/mixed
but are not limited
particles
to: Water vapor (H
–unlayered
2 O); Methane (CH
Outwash plain:
4 ); Carbon dioxide
(CO2); Nitrous oxide (N2O)–sorted deposits
–layered
; Ozone (O 3);
sediments
Responses include,
but are not limited 42. –The valley would
have a U-shaped
to: Unsorted
appearance. –flat
deposits;
bottom and steep
Moraines;
sides –rounded
Drumlins; Till;
shape
Mixed sediment
sizes; Glacial
43. –The ice is
erratics/boulders;
white/light
Striated sediment
colored. –The
smooth ice reflects
Responses include,
better than rougher
but are not limited
land terrain. –The
to: A high
bedrock/soil is
elevation above
darker colored.
sea level;
–Snow and ice
Mountains; A
reflect more
plateau
insolation. –has a
Responses include,
higher albedo
but are not limited
to: Stop burning
fossil fuels;
Reduce the
burning of tropical
rain forests;
Reduce
greenhouse-gas
emissions; Use
more alternative
energy sources
such as solar
collectors and
wind turbines.
40.
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