Global response of glacier runoff to twentyfirst century climate change
... Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 2Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 3Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ...
... Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 2Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 3Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ...
Southwest-facing slopes control the formation of
... glaciers, therefore, it is necessary to examine their topographic setting. Scherler et al. (2011b) suggested that the ratio of debris-covered area to total glacier area is related to the steepness of the ice-free zone above the snow line. This is based on the hypothesis that steeper ice-free areas t ...
... glaciers, therefore, it is necessary to examine their topographic setting. Scherler et al. (2011b) suggested that the ratio of debris-covered area to total glacier area is related to the steepness of the ice-free zone above the snow line. This is based on the hypothesis that steeper ice-free areas t ...
Landsat-based inventory of glaciers in western Canada, 1985–2005
... discrepancies between glacier polygons and glaciers revealed in satellite imagery from similar acquisition years (e.g. glaciers are mapped where no snow and ice can be identified on the imagery). Our glacier inventory employed orthorectified Landsat imagery as a compromise between the large field of vi ...
... discrepancies between glacier polygons and glaciers revealed in satellite imagery from similar acquisition years (e.g. glaciers are mapped where no snow and ice can be identified on the imagery). Our glacier inventory employed orthorectified Landsat imagery as a compromise between the large field of vi ...
A new glacier inventory of Iran
... The largest glaciers in Iran exist in the western part of the Alborz mountain range, in the region of the Takhte– Soleiman massif (368220 N, 508570 E). The highest peak of this region, Alamkuh (4850 m a.s.l.), is the second highest peak in Iran. The region consists of 45 peaks >4000 m in elevation t ...
... The largest glaciers in Iran exist in the western part of the Alborz mountain range, in the region of the Takhte– Soleiman massif (368220 N, 508570 E). The highest peak of this region, Alamkuh (4850 m a.s.l.), is the second highest peak in Iran. The region consists of 45 peaks >4000 m in elevation t ...
Observed Changes in the Himalayan-Tibetan Glaciers
... K. KASTURIRANGAN, R.R. NAVALGUND AND AJAI ...
... K. KASTURIRANGAN, R.R. NAVALGUND AND AJAI ...
Seasonal ice loss in the Beaufort Sea: Toward synchrony and
... 2011]. A similar result holds for the date of ice retreat, i.e., ice is retreating earlier in the WBS while there is no significant trend in the EBS [Frey et al., 2014; Stammerjohn et al., 2012]. In the present study, we explore in further detail some aspects of seasonal sea ice loss in the Beaufort ...
... 2011]. A similar result holds for the date of ice retreat, i.e., ice is retreating earlier in the WBS while there is no significant trend in the EBS [Frey et al., 2014; Stammerjohn et al., 2012]. In the present study, we explore in further detail some aspects of seasonal sea ice loss in the Beaufort ...
Influence of a glacial buzzsaw on the height and morphology of the
... peak and the highest nonglaciated peak within a USGS 7.5min topographic quadrangle. This method avoids the problem of small-scale variability in individual mean glacier altitudes resulting from differences in slope and basin topography. However, this approach dictates that the glaciation threshold i ...
... peak and the highest nonglaciated peak within a USGS 7.5min topographic quadrangle. This method avoids the problem of small-scale variability in individual mean glacier altitudes resulting from differences in slope and basin topography. However, this approach dictates that the glaciation threshold i ...
Evolution of the Driftless Area and Contiguous Regions of
... Marsh [43] reported the interaction of snow and differential frost heave within either till, colluvium and debris flow deposits helped carve oriented nival valleys in Pennsylvania during the Pleistocene. These were also formed irrespective of the steepest slope direction. It should also be noted tha ...
... Marsh [43] reported the interaction of snow and differential frost heave within either till, colluvium and debris flow deposits helped carve oriented nival valleys in Pennsylvania during the Pleistocene. These were also formed irrespective of the steepest slope direction. It should also be noted tha ...
drumlins - The Creation Concept
... landforms were compared with sand bars and sediment accumulations behind obstacles in the beds of streams. These streamlined hills of the crag-and-tail type were investigated by Sir James Hall, who had been a personal friend of James Hutton. Hall suggested catastrophic waves from the sea, caused by ...
... landforms were compared with sand bars and sediment accumulations behind obstacles in the beds of streams. These streamlined hills of the crag-and-tail type were investigated by Sir James Hall, who had been a personal friend of James Hutton. Hall suggested catastrophic waves from the sea, caused by ...
An inventory and topographic analysis of glaciers in the Torngat
... (Rogerson, 1986), and the importance of snowfall accumulation in local glacier mass balance and glacier debris cover for surface melt rates (Rogerson and others, 1986a). The mass-balance records support areal changes on ten glaciers between 1964 and 1979 measured by Stix (1980), of which the majorit ...
... (Rogerson, 1986), and the importance of snowfall accumulation in local glacier mass balance and glacier debris cover for surface melt rates (Rogerson and others, 1986a). The mass-balance records support areal changes on ten glaciers between 1964 and 1979 measured by Stix (1980), of which the majorit ...
Glacier retreat as a result of climate warming and increased
... the basin. Our results show that over recent years, though some glaciers were advancing, most were retreating (73.9%). Comparing the amount of glacier advance to the amount of glacier retreat, there was a net decrease of 4.6% in the total area during the 1960s–70s. Glacier retreat is thus the domina ...
... the basin. Our results show that over recent years, though some glaciers were advancing, most were retreating (73.9%). Comparing the amount of glacier advance to the amount of glacier retreat, there was a net decrease of 4.6% in the total area during the 1960s–70s. Glacier retreat is thus the domina ...
Independent Review of a Tunnel Connection to
... The Vestmannaeyjar archipelago is a cluster of volcanic islands formed by sub-marine or sub-glacial eruptions. The largest island, Heimaey, represents the centre of a volcanic system in its early evolution. The system is very young, as the first formations are of late Pleistocene age (Weichsel). The ...
... The Vestmannaeyjar archipelago is a cluster of volcanic islands formed by sub-marine or sub-glacial eruptions. The largest island, Heimaey, represents the centre of a volcanic system in its early evolution. The system is very young, as the first formations are of late Pleistocene age (Weichsel). The ...
Review of denudation processes and quantification of
... landscape evolution /Turkington et al. 2005/. Several authors have shown the significance of differential weathering in landscape evolution cf. /Ollier 1960, Thomas 1966, 1994/. Deep weathering has been considered important in humid tropical regions for long, however, the fundamental role of deep we ...
... landscape evolution /Turkington et al. 2005/. Several authors have shown the significance of differential weathering in landscape evolution cf. /Ollier 1960, Thomas 1966, 1994/. Deep weathering has been considered important in humid tropical regions for long, however, the fundamental role of deep we ...
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... (Glacier Inventory of the USSR, 1977). Generally southern slope should have shallow steepness as northern slope but there are long flanks in southern slopes. This local typical configuration of ...
... (Glacier Inventory of the USSR, 1977). Generally southern slope should have shallow steepness as northern slope but there are long flanks in southern slopes. This local typical configuration of ...
Document
... Eurasia glaciers during the 20th century. One of the urgent steps is a full inventory of all ice bodies, their volume and changes (Barry, 2003). This paper reports about result of statistical analysis performed for Caucasus for three time periods covered more than 100 years. With the new Caucasus gl ...
... Eurasia glaciers during the 20th century. One of the urgent steps is a full inventory of all ice bodies, their volume and changes (Barry, 2003). This paper reports about result of statistical analysis performed for Caucasus for three time periods covered more than 100 years. With the new Caucasus gl ...
Geography and Physical Processes of the Circumpolar World
... that there are treeless “tundra” areas in the higher mountains far to the south of the “true” Arctic. These alpine regions often have a great deal to tell us about the history of the Arctic environment. It is also important to be aware that many coastal treeless areas are very different from the reg ...
... that there are treeless “tundra” areas in the higher mountains far to the south of the “true” Arctic. These alpine regions often have a great deal to tell us about the history of the Arctic environment. It is also important to be aware that many coastal treeless areas are very different from the reg ...
Mountain Glaciers
... There are very distinctive assemblages of sediments in this landform: ice-marginal, supra-glacial, sub-glacial, pro-glacial, sub-aquatic landform sediments. This system is unique since the valley sides are very important in the debris sources and topographic confinement of deposition. We can separat ...
... There are very distinctive assemblages of sediments in this landform: ice-marginal, supra-glacial, sub-glacial, pro-glacial, sub-aquatic landform sediments. This system is unique since the valley sides are very important in the debris sources and topographic confinement of deposition. We can separat ...
the antarctic ecosystem - Deep Blue
... useful delimitation to identify the Antarctic ecosystem is the area within the Antarctic Convergence, the zone in the Southern Ocean where Antarctic upper water sinks below and mixes with warmer sub-Antarctic surface water (Phillpot, 1985; E1-Sayed, 1985). The Convergence, generally between 50 ° and ...
... useful delimitation to identify the Antarctic ecosystem is the area within the Antarctic Convergence, the zone in the Southern Ocean where Antarctic upper water sinks below and mixes with warmer sub-Antarctic surface water (Phillpot, 1985; E1-Sayed, 1985). The Convergence, generally between 50 ° and ...
Cross-references HYPSOMETRY Definition Quantifying hypsometry
... Examples of glacier hypsometric curves Figure 3 illustrates the hypsometric curve for Pío XI glacier in the Southern Patagonian Icefields of Chile based on a digital terrain model derived from aerial photographs (Rivera and Casassa, 1999). This curve shows a steep slope for altitudes over 2,200 m an ...
... Examples of glacier hypsometric curves Figure 3 illustrates the hypsometric curve for Pío XI glacier in the Southern Patagonian Icefields of Chile based on a digital terrain model derived from aerial photographs (Rivera and Casassa, 1999). This curve shows a steep slope for altitudes over 2,200 m an ...
surficial geology benton county, minnesota
... non-stratified sand and gravel that were part of ice blocks that were incorporated into the eskers and later melted in place. They are interpreted to have been formed by sub-glacial streams flowing between ice walls or in ice tunnels within the stagnant glacier, and were left behind as the ice melte ...
... non-stratified sand and gravel that were part of ice blocks that were incorporated into the eskers and later melted in place. They are interpreted to have been formed by sub-glacial streams flowing between ice walls or in ice tunnels within the stagnant glacier, and were left behind as the ice melte ...
The Pliocene Valleys
... Pliocene valley at different times; Miocene Plateu 6 Ma, Pliocene valley 3 Ma, midPleistocene valley floor 1 Ma (height/length = 1/5, see Fig. 6). The size and shape of this primeval valley cannot be reconstructed in any detail, but the mountains on each side were about 1,000 m high. Mælifellshnjúku ...
... Pliocene valley at different times; Miocene Plateu 6 Ma, Pliocene valley 3 Ma, midPleistocene valley floor 1 Ma (height/length = 1/5, see Fig. 6). The size and shape of this primeval valley cannot be reconstructed in any detail, but the mountains on each side were about 1,000 m high. Mælifellshnjúku ...
Thompson et al 2011 - Westfield State University
... SSTs in the NINO4 region of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The eastern tropical tropospheric temperature connection can be seen in the correlation fields between the monthly surface and USU T2 satellite-derived tropospheric temperature anomalies from 1979 to 2003 (Christy and Spencer, 2003) d ...
... SSTs in the NINO4 region of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The eastern tropical tropospheric temperature connection can be seen in the correlation fields between the monthly surface and USU T2 satellite-derived tropospheric temperature anomalies from 1979 to 2003 (Christy and Spencer, 2003) d ...
Rates of southeast Greenland ice volume loss from combined
... loss (e.g., at scale of individual outlet glaciers) or to separate glacier mass changes from mass changes in the adjacent ocean. This prevents direct comparison and validation of results with more local, higher-resolution observations. Finally, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard the ...
... loss (e.g., at scale of individual outlet glaciers) or to separate glacier mass changes from mass changes in the adjacent ocean. This prevents direct comparison and validation of results with more local, higher-resolution observations. Finally, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard the ...
Dry Ice Volcano Cake
... and share your photo’s - you’re never too old for dinsoaurs or volcanic rock! Dry ice packs and chillipop (as featured) are available to order on-line at www.chillistick.com/shop or call one of our team members on 0203 4329412. ...
... and share your photo’s - you’re never too old for dinsoaurs or volcanic rock! Dry ice packs and chillipop (as featured) are available to order on-line at www.chillistick.com/shop or call one of our team members on 0203 4329412. ...
Glacial geology of Bayan Har Shan, northeastern
... geomorphology. Observations from fieldwork campaigns add detailed point information for the distribution of glacial deposits. Geomorphological glacial traces such as glacial valleys, glacial lineations, marginal moraines, meltwater channels, and hummocky terrain occur frequently in elevated mountain ...
... geomorphology. Observations from fieldwork campaigns add detailed point information for the distribution of glacial deposits. Geomorphological glacial traces such as glacial valleys, glacial lineations, marginal moraines, meltwater channels, and hummocky terrain occur frequently in elevated mountain ...
Tunnel valley
A tunnel valley is a large, long, U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of continental ice sheets such as that now covering Antarctica and formerly covering portions of all continents during past glacial ages.A tunnel valley can be as long as 100 km (62 mi), 4 km (2.5 mi) wide, and 400 m (1,300 ft) deep (its depth may vary along its length).Tunnel valleys were formed by subglacial erosion by water and served as subglacial drainage pathways carrying large volumes of melt water. Their cross-sections exhibit steep-sided flanks similar to fjord walls, and their flat bottoms are typical of subglacial glacial erosion.They presently appear as dry valleys, lakes, seabed depressions, and as areas filled with sediment. If they are filled with sediment, their lower layers are filled primarily with glacial, glaciofluvial or glaciolacustrine sediment, supplemented by upper layers of temperate infill. They can be found in areas formerly covered by glacial ice sheets including Africa, Asia, North America, Europe, Australia and offshore in the North Sea, the Atlantic and in waters near Antarctica.Tunnel valleys appear in the technical literature under several terms, including tunnel channels, subglacial valleys, iceways, snake coils and linear incisions.