YOUNG RHYODACITE DIKES FOUND IN THE QUEENS TUNNEL
... crops out in nine separate locations in the tunnel (Table 1). Many of the nine locations were undoubtedly connected before mining and the tunnel boring machine (TBM) may have removed dikes no longer exposed in the tunnel walls. The dike rocks are exposed for a minimum of 667’ between Stations 109+20 ...
... crops out in nine separate locations in the tunnel (Table 1). Many of the nine locations were undoubtedly connected before mining and the tunnel boring machine (TBM) may have removed dikes no longer exposed in the tunnel walls. The dike rocks are exposed for a minimum of 667’ between Stations 109+20 ...
Isostatic Rebound-Actvity writeup.pages
... 1. How could we alter this model? (Larger/smaller ice load, thinner/thicker lithosphere) 2. Are there any signs that a glacier has been present? (The plas1c wrap will be slightly warped). Look at real-‐ ...
... 1. How could we alter this model? (Larger/smaller ice load, thinner/thicker lithosphere) 2. Are there any signs that a glacier has been present? (The plas1c wrap will be slightly warped). Look at real-‐ ...
Ice flow in Greenland for the International Polar Year
... 8 to 10% have been noted on tidewater glaciers [Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006; Joughin et al., 2008] and summer increases of up to 100 m/yr have been detected on landterminating glaciers [Sundal et al., 2011]. Our speed estimates may therefore be 1–2% slower than their annual average equivalent. [9] ...
... 8 to 10% have been noted on tidewater glaciers [Rignot and Kanagaratnam, 2006; Joughin et al., 2008] and summer increases of up to 100 m/yr have been detected on landterminating glaciers [Sundal et al., 2011]. Our speed estimates may therefore be 1–2% slower than their annual average equivalent. [9] ...
Chapter 17 - Cenozoic - Quaternary
... • If the crust has more mass added to it – as occurs when • thick layers of sediment accumulate • or vast glaciers form, ...
... • If the crust has more mass added to it – as occurs when • thick layers of sediment accumulate • or vast glaciers form, ...
Glaciation and Geological Timescales
... West and East Antarctic ice sheets Larsen ice shelf on Antarctic Peninsula Greenland ice sheet Major areas of alpine glaciation (and glacier retreat) ...
... West and East Antarctic ice sheets Larsen ice shelf on Antarctic Peninsula Greenland ice sheet Major areas of alpine glaciation (and glacier retreat) ...
Chapter 7 Review: Glaciers, deserts, landscape shaped by wind
... Strong desert winds also pick up, move and deposit sediment in great quantities. These are known as dust storms. In the mid 30s, overfarming and drought destroyed much of the midwest. With all the vegetation removed to grow crops; the area became a Dust Bowl when the strong winds picked up the soil ...
... Strong desert winds also pick up, move and deposit sediment in great quantities. These are known as dust storms. In the mid 30s, overfarming and drought destroyed much of the midwest. With all the vegetation removed to grow crops; the area became a Dust Bowl when the strong winds picked up the soil ...
stonehenge: glacial transport of bluestones now confirmed?
... Dr Brian John, whose book The Bluestone Enigma (4) argues the case for glacial transport, says that the new work is timely and that it adds detail to the conclusions of many geologists over many decades -- conclusions that have been marginalized and even ignored by archaeologists who have been inten ...
... Dr Brian John, whose book The Bluestone Enigma (4) argues the case for glacial transport, says that the new work is timely and that it adds detail to the conclusions of many geologists over many decades -- conclusions that have been marginalized and even ignored by archaeologists who have been inten ...
chapter_17. ppt - Louisiana State University
... • For example, – the only continental glaciers today – are the ones in Antarctica and Greenland, – but during the Pleistocene they covered – about 30 percent of Earth's land surface, – especially on the Northern Hemisphere continents ...
... • For example, – the only continental glaciers today – are the ones in Antarctica and Greenland, – but during the Pleistocene they covered – about 30 percent of Earth's land surface, – especially on the Northern Hemisphere continents ...
Ice Sheets: Lithosphere
... the University of Edinburgh identified different types of landscapes created by glacial erosion and deposition. Troughs, hanging valleys, narrow rock peaks, cirques, high relief mountains, and lakes are just some of the specific land features that Sugden described. A>E>L With the increase in global ...
... the University of Edinburgh identified different types of landscapes created by glacial erosion and deposition. Troughs, hanging valleys, narrow rock peaks, cirques, high relief mountains, and lakes are just some of the specific land features that Sugden described. A>E>L With the increase in global ...
LESSON 5 • Geology: Shaping Landscapes
... Shaping the Landscape DESTRUCTIONAL PROCESSES: “The Wear-It-Down Forces” Two forces, weathering and erosion, are constantly at work building up and moving rocks making up the Earth’s crust. Weathering causes rocks to fragment, crack, crumble, or break down physically and chemically. Erosion loosens ...
... Shaping the Landscape DESTRUCTIONAL PROCESSES: “The Wear-It-Down Forces” Two forces, weathering and erosion, are constantly at work building up and moving rocks making up the Earth’s crust. Weathering causes rocks to fragment, crack, crumble, or break down physically and chemically. Erosion loosens ...
A preliminary inventory of Alaskan glaciers
... A glacier-by-glacier inventory of the Brooks Range was performed using preliminary copies of topographic maps of 1:63 350 scale, with glacier margins checked or reinterpreted by comparison with aerial photographs. In this study, 1001 glaciers were identified and measured, and additional small ones m ...
... A glacier-by-glacier inventory of the Brooks Range was performed using preliminary copies of topographic maps of 1:63 350 scale, with glacier margins checked or reinterpreted by comparison with aerial photographs. In this study, 1001 glaciers were identified and measured, and additional small ones m ...
Insolation Control of Ice Sheets
... Indicator of Ice Volume • Bermuda’s Limestone reefs are near S.L. • Age indicates high sea level – As little ice as today, perhaps less – Correlates with low δ18O within the last 150,000 years ...
... Indicator of Ice Volume • Bermuda’s Limestone reefs are near S.L. • Age indicates high sea level – As little ice as today, perhaps less – Correlates with low δ18O within the last 150,000 years ...
The lithosphere and the hydrosphere
... 1. The Inuit diet consists mainly of food that the people have hunted or fished and food that has been brought in from southern regions. How does climate change interfere with their diet? Answers will vary. Examples: – Traditional ice roads are melting, so hunting and fishing grounds are becoming ha ...
... 1. The Inuit diet consists mainly of food that the people have hunted or fished and food that has been brought in from southern regions. How does climate change interfere with their diet? Answers will vary. Examples: – Traditional ice roads are melting, so hunting and fishing grounds are becoming ha ...
Isostasy and Large Scale Gravity Chap. 9 Homework Answers (Dec
... The false paradox here is that how can the mantle both undergo ‘solid-state’ creep (i.e., flow like a liquid) due the application of loads (e.g., ice sheets, erosion) over millions of years AND transmit earthquake induced shear waves with wave periods of <100 s. The logic goes, if the earth behaves ...
... The false paradox here is that how can the mantle both undergo ‘solid-state’ creep (i.e., flow like a liquid) due the application of loads (e.g., ice sheets, erosion) over millions of years AND transmit earthquake induced shear waves with wave periods of <100 s. The logic goes, if the earth behaves ...
Yosemite National Park
... •Proposed the super-continent Pangaea •Found evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift •fossil evidence, rock and climate correlations • Continental Drift hypothesis was NOT accepted --- Wegener the laughing stalk of the science world • Could not answer HOW the continents move ...
... •Proposed the super-continent Pangaea •Found evidence to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift •fossil evidence, rock and climate correlations • Continental Drift hypothesis was NOT accepted --- Wegener the laughing stalk of the science world • Could not answer HOW the continents move ...
Note
... utmost importance, however, is Iceland's volcanic origin. The constant creation of new land from the mantle plume beneath Iceland allows basal accumulation rates to overrun its erosion rates, thus preserving the geological history. Furthermore, the types of volcanic products found throughout the cou ...
... utmost importance, however, is Iceland's volcanic origin. The constant creation of new land from the mantle plume beneath Iceland allows basal accumulation rates to overrun its erosion rates, thus preserving the geological history. Furthermore, the types of volcanic products found throughout the cou ...
An Introduction to the Geology and Fossils of Essex
... stage about 450,000 years ago that allowed a great ice sheet to spread south into the region across the valley of the early Thames. A lobe of ice from this ice sheet blocked the Thames in the Vale of St. Albans causing a catastrophic change to the route of the river, diverting it south to its presen ...
... stage about 450,000 years ago that allowed a great ice sheet to spread south into the region across the valley of the early Thames. A lobe of ice from this ice sheet blocked the Thames in the Vale of St. Albans causing a catastrophic change to the route of the river, diverting it south to its presen ...
EXAM 3
... C. arêtes D. U-shaped valleys E. all of the above are formed by glacial erosion 11. What type of moraine forms in the middle of a glacier where two valley glaciers joined together? A. medial moraine B. lateral moraine C. terminal moraine D. recessional moraine E. ground moraine 12. How many cycles o ...
... C. arêtes D. U-shaped valleys E. all of the above are formed by glacial erosion 11. What type of moraine forms in the middle of a glacier where two valley glaciers joined together? A. medial moraine B. lateral moraine C. terminal moraine D. recessional moraine E. ground moraine 12. How many cycles o ...
Word format
... C. arêtes D. U-shaped valleys E. all of the above are formed by glacial erosion 11. What type of moraine forms in the middle of a glacier where two valley glaciers joined together? A. medial moraine B. lateral moraine C. terminal moraine D. recessional moraine E. ground moraine 12. How many cycles o ...
... C. arêtes D. U-shaped valleys E. all of the above are formed by glacial erosion 11. What type of moraine forms in the middle of a glacier where two valley glaciers joined together? A. medial moraine B. lateral moraine C. terminal moraine D. recessional moraine E. ground moraine 12. How many cycles o ...
Estimating How Much Sea Level Changes when
... value compare to what was determined for “circular” oceans, i.e. does it confirm or confound what you determined earlier? ...
... value compare to what was determined for “circular” oceans, i.e. does it confirm or confound what you determined earlier? ...
Chapter 1 - novacentral.ca
... movement. The terminal moraine marks the furthest extent of the glacier. The layers of silt in an outwash plain can indicate direction of glacier movement. fine particles would be at the leading edge while larger particles would have been closer to the glacier. ...
... movement. The terminal moraine marks the furthest extent of the glacier. The layers of silt in an outwash plain can indicate direction of glacier movement. fine particles would be at the leading edge while larger particles would have been closer to the glacier. ...
Geological Models - San Diego Mesa College
... deep U-shaped valleys now partly occupied by vegetation, in times past contained glaciers. Originally, these valleys were V-shaped in cross section. Their U-shaped form today is evidence of the broadening and deepening effect of glacial ice. As the larger glaciers moved down the larger valleys, thei ...
... deep U-shaped valleys now partly occupied by vegetation, in times past contained glaciers. Originally, these valleys were V-shaped in cross section. Their U-shaped form today is evidence of the broadening and deepening effect of glacial ice. As the larger glaciers moved down the larger valleys, thei ...
Sea ice review - Community Climate System Model
... Ice sheet interior: Gravity balanced by basal drag Ice shelves: No basal drag or vertical shear Transition regions: Need to solve complex 3D elliptic equations—still a research problem (e.g., Pattyn, 2003) ...
... Ice sheet interior: Gravity balanced by basal drag Ice shelves: No basal drag or vertical shear Transition regions: Need to solve complex 3D elliptic equations—still a research problem (e.g., Pattyn, 2003) ...
Document
... Small motions resulting from “post-glacial rebound” (GPS can detect motions as small as 1 mm or 1/25 of an inch per year) stem from the fact that the mantle below the earth’s crust flows like a super-viscous fluid -- much, much stickier than road tar or maple syrup. The mantle is still flowing to fi ...
... Small motions resulting from “post-glacial rebound” (GPS can detect motions as small as 1 mm or 1/25 of an inch per year) stem from the fact that the mantle below the earth’s crust flows like a super-viscous fluid -- much, much stickier than road tar or maple syrup. The mantle is still flowing to fi ...
Tunnel valley
A tunnel valley is a large, long, U-shaped valley originally cut under the glacial ice near the margin of continental ice sheets such as that now covering Antarctica and formerly covering portions of all continents during past glacial ages.A tunnel valley can be as long as 100 km (62 mi), 4 km (2.5 mi) wide, and 400 m (1,300 ft) deep (its depth may vary along its length).Tunnel valleys were formed by subglacial erosion by water and served as subglacial drainage pathways carrying large volumes of melt water. Their cross-sections exhibit steep-sided flanks similar to fjord walls, and their flat bottoms are typical of subglacial glacial erosion.They presently appear as dry valleys, lakes, seabed depressions, and as areas filled with sediment. If they are filled with sediment, their lower layers are filled primarily with glacial, glaciofluvial or glaciolacustrine sediment, supplemented by upper layers of temperate infill. They can be found in areas formerly covered by glacial ice sheets including Africa, Asia, North America, Europe, Australia and offshore in the North Sea, the Atlantic and in waters near Antarctica.Tunnel valleys appear in the technical literature under several terms, including tunnel channels, subglacial valleys, iceways, snake coils and linear incisions.