Global plume-fed asthenosphere flow
... variation along the southern mid-Atlantic ridge and proposed that isotopic peaks at ridge sites nearest to off-ridge hotspots are observational evidence of flow channels linking these deep mantle plumes to the ridge axis. Niu et al. [1999] proposed that lateral asthenospheric flow from Hawaii to the ...
... variation along the southern mid-Atlantic ridge and proposed that isotopic peaks at ridge sites nearest to off-ridge hotspots are observational evidence of flow channels linking these deep mantle plumes to the ridge axis. Niu et al. [1999] proposed that lateral asthenospheric flow from Hawaii to the ...
Whole-mantle convection and plate tectonics
... are unlikely to prevent it. It is not necessary to assume that descending lithospheric slabs cannot penetrate below 700 km depth in order to explain the distribution and source mechanisms of deep earthquakes. Other recent seismic evidence suggests deep-mantle heterogeneities which may be related to ...
... are unlikely to prevent it. It is not necessary to assume that descending lithospheric slabs cannot penetrate below 700 km depth in order to explain the distribution and source mechanisms of deep earthquakes. Other recent seismic evidence suggests deep-mantle heterogeneities which may be related to ...
Influence of convergent plate boundaries on upper mantle flow and
... convecting layer; r is a reference density for the system; k, is the thermal conductivity; k, is thermal diffusivity and ho, is a reference dynamic viscosity. e is the rate of internal heat generation per unit volume. The nondimensional internal heating rate is specified by the ratio H = RaH/RaB. [8 ...
... convecting layer; r is a reference density for the system; k, is the thermal conductivity; k, is thermal diffusivity and ho, is a reference dynamic viscosity. e is the rate of internal heat generation per unit volume. The nondimensional internal heating rate is specified by the ratio H = RaH/RaB. [8 ...
35. Interpretation of Seismic-Reflection Data of the Middle America
... sediment apron blanketing an older, tectonically deformed prism of sediments and crustal slices. There is little or no evidence for continued tectonic accretion seaward of the volcanic arc during the late Tertiary. Seismic reflection and refraction surveys have revealed landward-dipping reflections ...
... sediment apron blanketing an older, tectonically deformed prism of sediments and crustal slices. There is little or no evidence for continued tectonic accretion seaward of the volcanic arc during the late Tertiary. Seismic reflection and refraction surveys have revealed landward-dipping reflections ...
Tuffaceous Conglomerates
... structures (stratovolcanoes, effusive cones) or filled volcano-tectonic depressions, interlayering with sedimentary deposits. Acidic extrusions and shallow depth intrusions pierced the complex structures. This paper approaches the problem of some deposits of conglomerates, as components of the "Rhyo ...
... structures (stratovolcanoes, effusive cones) or filled volcano-tectonic depressions, interlayering with sedimentary deposits. Acidic extrusions and shallow depth intrusions pierced the complex structures. This paper approaches the problem of some deposits of conglomerates, as components of the "Rhyo ...
Determination of Groundwater Flow Pattern in Jombang Regency
... Generally, these studies basically showed the same results, that groundwater flows areas with high topography leads to the area with low topography. The difference from those studies is that the groundwater flow pattern in each study area are affected by the condition of the geomorphology of each st ...
... Generally, these studies basically showed the same results, that groundwater flows areas with high topography leads to the area with low topography. The difference from those studies is that the groundwater flow pattern in each study area are affected by the condition of the geomorphology of each st ...
SiphonPaper_TextOnly_141124 - UC Santa Cruz
... of discharging fluid creates a larger difference in fluid pressure between the base of recharging and discharging outcrops, generating larger lateral driving forces and flow rates within the underlying crust. Smaller outcrops also tend to be dominated by the thermal influence of one direction of flu ...
... of discharging fluid creates a larger difference in fluid pressure between the base of recharging and discharging outcrops, generating larger lateral driving forces and flow rates within the underlying crust. Smaller outcrops also tend to be dominated by the thermal influence of one direction of flu ...
reprint
... there does not seem to be evidence in our own results for a corresponding present-day southern flow. This is because there is neither uniform orientation nor large delay times in our Patagonian results. Delay times are small enough in southern Patagonia to be due to crustal structure (Barruol 1993). ...
... there does not seem to be evidence in our own results for a corresponding present-day southern flow. This is because there is neither uniform orientation nor large delay times in our Patagonian results. Delay times are small enough in southern Patagonia to be due to crustal structure (Barruol 1993). ...
Longitudinal changes in the abundance of filter feeders and
... filter feeders and blackfly larvae showed a hump-shaped distribution pattern. Lower current velocity at sites close to lakes is suggested as an explanation. No general proportional relationship between net-spinning caddis larvae and zooplankton was found and several reasons for this result are discu ...
... filter feeders and blackfly larvae showed a hump-shaped distribution pattern. Lower current velocity at sites close to lakes is suggested as an explanation. No general proportional relationship between net-spinning caddis larvae and zooplankton was found and several reasons for this result are discu ...
EXTENT OF CALIFORNIA’S PERENNIAL AND NON-PERENNIAL STREAMS
... The large proportion of non-perennial stream length across all regions has significant implications for water quality and aquatic life in California’s streams and rivers. Although these ecosystems are non-perennial, they often support rich biotic communities both in the stream channels and in the su ...
... The large proportion of non-perennial stream length across all regions has significant implications for water quality and aquatic life in California’s streams and rivers. Although these ecosystems are non-perennial, they often support rich biotic communities both in the stream channels and in the su ...
The fate of subducted sediments at convergent plate
... sediment fluxes indicate that considerable amounts of sediments can be transported into the mantle along with subducting lithosphere (Coats, 1962; Scholl et al., 1980). However, reliable calculations ...
... sediment fluxes indicate that considerable amounts of sediments can be transported into the mantle along with subducting lithosphere (Coats, 1962; Scholl et al., 1980). However, reliable calculations ...
Helwig and Brown
... Conclusions By examining the Kilchis Watershed, using ArcGIS, it becomes clear to observe specific spatial information regarding it’s boundaries, subbasins, vegetation, geology, roads, elevation, streams, wetlands, and precipitation in regards to this specific area. More rainfall occurs in areas of ...
... Conclusions By examining the Kilchis Watershed, using ArcGIS, it becomes clear to observe specific spatial information regarding it’s boundaries, subbasins, vegetation, geology, roads, elevation, streams, wetlands, and precipitation in regards to this specific area. More rainfall occurs in areas of ...
Geomorphology_Dics
... stream (best expressed in semiarid regions) at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain or upland valley; or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream. It is steepest near its apex which points upstream and slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a ...
... stream (best expressed in semiarid regions) at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain or upland valley; or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream. It is steepest near its apex which points upstream and slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a ...
Erosion, transport and deposition of sediments by
... this geological influence on sediment transport by the tropical Indian rivers, the rock types in the basins can be categorized into three groups, namely, granite and hard rocks (generally pre-Cambrian or older), Deccan traps (Tertiary), and sedimentary rocks (pre-Cambrian or younger), based on their ...
... this geological influence on sediment transport by the tropical Indian rivers, the rock types in the basins can be categorized into three groups, namely, granite and hard rocks (generally pre-Cambrian or older), Deccan traps (Tertiary), and sedimentary rocks (pre-Cambrian or younger), based on their ...
Cr – Chromium
... sediment map is overall similar to the total XRF Cr map, with more pronounced high Cr patterns in south-west Finland, and Stockholm area in Sweden, and less pronounced in Wales, southwest Portugal, eastern Hungary and Slovakia. Despite the fact that aqua regia extractable Cr in floodplain sediment i ...
... sediment map is overall similar to the total XRF Cr map, with more pronounced high Cr patterns in south-west Finland, and Stockholm area in Sweden, and less pronounced in Wales, southwest Portugal, eastern Hungary and Slovakia. Despite the fact that aqua regia extractable Cr in floodplain sediment i ...
- International Association of Geomorphologists
... Backshore The area of a beach extending from the limit of high water foam lines to dunes or extreme inland limit of the beach. It is only affected by waves during exceptional high tides or severe storms Backswamp The section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a floo ...
... Backshore The area of a beach extending from the limit of high water foam lines to dunes or extreme inland limit of the beach. It is only affected by waves during exceptional high tides or severe storms Backswamp The section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a floo ...
River history and tectonics
... the hydrological system are monitored continuously so that the effect of extension in the resurgent dome within the caldera can be evaluated. Experiments using flumes [19,20] suggest that, in meandering channels within alluvium, aggradation tends to follow uplift both above and below the axis of defo ...
... the hydrological system are monitored continuously so that the effect of extension in the resurgent dome within the caldera can be evaluated. Experiments using flumes [19,20] suggest that, in meandering channels within alluvium, aggradation tends to follow uplift both above and below the axis of defo ...
Weathering and Erosion
... Grand Canyon is debated by geologists. Some estimates are between 6 and 8 million years, which is very recent by comparison. ...
... Grand Canyon is debated by geologists. Some estimates are between 6 and 8 million years, which is very recent by comparison. ...
How To Properly Set Up Your Stream Sluice
... Place your sluice in the flow of a stream or river so that the water enters the flared end and flows through the sluice. If the current is strong you may need to lay some stones against the edge of the sluice to keep it from washing away. The sluice should be set at a downhill angle that allows the ...
... Place your sluice in the flow of a stream or river so that the water enters the flared end and flows through the sluice. If the current is strong you may need to lay some stones against the edge of the sluice to keep it from washing away. The sluice should be set at a downhill angle that allows the ...
Mn – Manganese
... Analysis of stream sediment by ICP-AES after dissolution with aqua regia results in a median content of 452 mg kg-1 Mn-metal, ranging from 24 ...
... Analysis of stream sediment by ICP-AES after dissolution with aqua regia results in a median content of 452 mg kg-1 Mn-metal, ranging from 24 ...
The pressure flow theory
... have been tested by examining whether their consequences (predictions) are borne out by observation and experimentation. They have modified over time, but the current most commonly accepted theories are: The transpiration stream theory (cohesion-adhesiontension theory) of movement of water and min ...
... have been tested by examining whether their consequences (predictions) are borne out by observation and experimentation. They have modified over time, but the current most commonly accepted theories are: The transpiration stream theory (cohesion-adhesiontension theory) of movement of water and min ...
14.1.1 Transport of Nutrients in Plants
... have been tested by examining whether their consequences (predictions) are borne out by observation and experimentation. They have modified over time, but the current most commonly accepted theories are: The transpiration stream theory (cohesion-adhesiontension theory) of movement of water and min ...
... have been tested by examining whether their consequences (predictions) are borne out by observation and experimentation. They have modified over time, but the current most commonly accepted theories are: The transpiration stream theory (cohesion-adhesiontension theory) of movement of water and min ...
FT 3000 5-16-14 NOC - Florida Administrative Code
... Score the Substrate Diversity by evaluating the number of different kinds of productive substrates present. Refer to the documentation obtained from conducting the Physical/Chemical Characterization per FT 3001. The following substrates are considered productive: snags (woody debris or logs larger t ...
... Score the Substrate Diversity by evaluating the number of different kinds of productive substrates present. Refer to the documentation obtained from conducting the Physical/Chemical Characterization per FT 3001. The following substrates are considered productive: snags (woody debris or logs larger t ...
Protecting Critical I Infrastructure Along Eroding Streams Using
... this critical infrastructure, which can be exposed to threats such as impacts from floating debris and hydraulic pressure during significant storm events. Potential failures or significant damage tto the utility infrastructure can cause releases which have the potential to threaten human life and th ...
... this critical infrastructure, which can be exposed to threats such as impacts from floating debris and hydraulic pressure during significant storm events. Potential failures or significant damage tto the utility infrastructure can cause releases which have the potential to threaten human life and th ...
Meander
A meander, in general, is a bend in a sinuous watercourse or river. A meander forms when moving water in a stream erodes the outer banks and widens its valley, and the inner part of the river has less energy and deposits silt. A stream of any volume may assume a meandering course, alternately eroding sediments from the outside of a bend and depositing them on the inside. The result is a snaking pattern as the stream meanders back and forth across its down-valley axis. When a meander gets cut off from the main stream, an oxbow lake forms. Over time meanders migrate downstream, sometimes in such a short time as to create civil engineering problems for local municipalities attempting to maintain stable roads and bridges.There is not yet full consistency or standardization of scientific terminology used to describe watercourses. A variety of symbols and schemes exist. Parameters based on mathematical formulae or numerical data vary as well, depending on the database used by the theorist. Unless otherwise defined in a specific scheme ""meandering"" and ""sinuosity"" here are synonymous and mean any repetitious pattern of bends, or waveforms. In some schemes, ""meandering"" applies only to rivers with exaggerated circular loops or secondary meanders; that is, meanders on meanders.Sinuosity is one of the channel types that a stream may assume over all or part of its course. All streams are sinuous at some time in their geologic history over some part of their length.