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Released TAKS Questions from the Texas Education Agency related to the immune system and infectious diseases 1. Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply? A B C D Chloroplasts from a host cell A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus New ADP from a host cell A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA 2. The myxoma virus was used to control an overpopulation of European rabbits in Australia. When first introduced in the mid-1900s, the virus greatly reduced the European rabbit population. Today the virus is not an effective control of the European rabbit population. Fewer European rabbits are affected by the virus today because they haveA B C D 3. learned to avoid the virus moved away from infected areas undergone a change in diet developed resistance to the virus Cholera-causing bacteria have a single flagellum that allows these bacteria toA B C D move reproduce excrete water produce sugar 4. Which of these is a function of the cell membrane in all cells? A B C D Producing cellular nutrients Preserving cellular wastes Neutralizing chemicals Maintaining homeostasis 5. Which of the following is found in both cells and viruses? A B C D Silica Genetic material Digestive cavity Flagella 6. People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of dying from secondary infections. Which of these best explains how HIV increases the danger of secondary infections? A B C D HIV produces antigens that damage red blood cells HIV adds genetic material from harmful microbes HIV destroys helper T cells HIV consumes beneficial microbes in the body 7. Many species of bacteria can be found in the human mouth. Which of these explains the great variety of bacteria in the mouth? A B C D Large volumes of air cause bacteria to change form. Salivary glands cause mutations in bacterial populations. The presence of nutrients makes the mouth a favorable habitat. Calcium in the teeth provides a suitable pH environment. 8. Which two body systems work together to fight infection? A The immune system and the muscular system. B The circulatory system and the immune system. C The endocrine system and the digestive system. D The nervous system and the respiratory system. 9. Organs that work together to accomplish specific function form – A B C D cells tissues systems individuals 10. After an experiment, scientists concluded that one species of bacteria could break down a certain kind of hazardous waste. Before announcing this conclusion, the researchers shouldA B C D repeat the experiment to make sure the results are reproducible write a formal hypothesis statement ignore the results of similar experiments by other researchers plot the data on appropriate graphs 11. Which of these is a hypothesis that can be tested through experimentation? A B C D Bacterial growth increases exponentially as temperature increases A fish’s ability to taste food is affected by the clarity of aquarium water Tadpoles’ fear of carnivorous insect larvae increases as the tadpoles age The number of times a dog wags its tail indicates how content the dog is 12. All of the following symptoms are likely associated with bacterial infection exceptA B C D skin rashes or lesions elevated body temperature swollen glands or tissues increased red blood cell count 13. Some antibiotics cause patients to exhibit digestive side effects. These side effects are most often the result ofA B C D bacteria being killed in the digestive tract the antibiotics being converted into stomach acids too much water being drawn into the digestive tract the stomach wall being torn 14. Which system of the body would be directly affected if a large number of T cells were attacked by a virus? A B C D Cardiovascular system Immune system Endocrine system Respiratory system 15. Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments, such as salt flats, boiling-hot springs, and carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because of bacteria’s A B C D biochemical diversity small sizes round shapes methods of movement 16. One characteristic shared by a virus and a living cell is that bothA B C D store genetic information in nucleic acids have a crystalline structure gain energy directly from the sun use glucose for respiration 17. The cell above most likely belongs to an organism of the kingdom— A B C D Animalia Plantae Fungi Eubacteria 18. The chart above shows the results of an experiment performed in the 1920s using a bacterial species that causes pneumonia in humans. The experiment involved several procedures using two different bacterial strains, R and S. What is a possible explanation for the results in Group 2? A B C D Living S-strain bacteria can transform into a pathogenic form of R-strain bacteria. Living R-strain bacteria are controlled by a mouse’s immune system. Dead S-strain bacteria can cause disease. Dead R-strain bacteria can confer resistance to S-strain bacteria. 19. Which body system is directly responsible for delivering nutrients to cells throughout the body? A B C D Circulatory system Immunity system Endocrine system Respiratory system PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT: Facts About the Flu Vaccine 1. 2. 3. 4. The vaccine may be administered either as a nasal spray or as an injection. Prior to administration, nasal-spray vaccines must be stored at 15 C or lower. In an experiment, vaccine recipients had 85% fewer flu episodes than non-recipients. The vaccine virus is heat and fails to replicate at temperatures of 38 C-39 C. 20. Which statement above makes the most valid arguments of receiving the flu vaccine? A Statement 1 B Statement 2 C Statement 3 D Statement 4 Answer Key 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. C