Download End of Course Exam 6th Grade Review Answer Key

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1. How is scientific thinking different from other
activities involving thought?
End of Course Exam Study Guide
Big Idea 1
2. Explain how scientific knowledge is open to
change. Based on new information.
1. What are the parts of the Scientific Method?
Ask a Question, Form a Hypothesis, Test the
Hypothesis, Analyze the Results, Draw
Conclusions, Communicate Results
3. What kind of backgrounds do scientists come
from? All kinds of backgrounds.
2. Why is it important for scientific investigations
to be replicable? So that others can repeat and
show accuracy
1. How is a scientific theory different from
everyday theories? Everyday theories can just be
predictions or guesses. Scientific theories are
fully formed scientific explanations that are
supported by data and evidence.
3. What is the difference between the three different
types of scientific investigations? (research,
observation, experimentation)
Research: looking for or receiving information
from a reliable source.
Observation: Using your senses to collect data.
Experimentation: Perform steps of an
experiment.
4. What would scientists do if they concluded
different results during a scientific investigation?
Check for mistakes, help in construction a
reasonable explanation, repeat the investigation
to verify results, new insight into the original
question, share knowledge and information, ask
new questions, form new hypotheses, and inspire
new investigations and discoveries.
Big Idea 3
2. What is a scientific theory? Give an example. A
scientific theory is an explanation. A theory is
valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it.
Example: Relativity, Evolution, Big Bang,
Atomic, Plate Tectonics
3. What is a scientific law? Give an example. A
descriptive statement or equation that reliably
predicts events under certain conditions.
Scientific laws must be simple, true, universal,
and absolute. Statements of fact that are
universally true. Examples: Motion,
Conservation of Energy, Planetary Motion,
Universal Gravitation
4. How can scientists use models? To study things
in greater detail. They can create physical or
mathematical models.
(discuss, compare, analyze, negotiate)
5. What are two ways that science involves
creativity? Designing an experiment and create
explanations that fit evidence.
6. What does durable mean? To be able to last a
long time such as concepts in science because
they are heavily researched and supported by
empirical evidence.
Big Idea 2
Big Idea 6
1. How is the Earth’s surface affected by erosion?
The process by which ice, wind, water, or gravity
transports soil and sediment from one location to
another.
2. How is the Earth’s surface affected by
deposition? The process by which material is laid
down.
3. How is the Earth’s surface affected by
physical/mechanical weathering? The process by
which rocks break down into smaller pieces by
physical means.
4. How is the Earth’s surface affected chemical
weathering? The process by which rocks break
down as a result of chemical reactions.
5. What is a landform? The process by which
rocks break down as a result of chemical
reactions.
6. Describe following 7 different types of
landforms. Which of them are found in Florida?
Coastline/Shoreline: Florida A place where land
and a body of water meet.
Dune: Florida A mound of wind deposited sand
that moves as a result of the action of wind.
Mountain: A landmass that projects high above
its surroundings and is higher than a hill.
Glacier: An enormous mass of moving ice.
Lake: Florida A large inland body of standing
water.
River: Florida A natural stream of water usually
with a large volume.
Delta: Florida A fan-shaped mass of material
deposited at the mouth of a stream.
Big Idea 7
1. How is heat transferred by conduction? Direct
contact through a material (two objects
touching)
2. What three spheres are interacting if colder
winter temperatures are forming ice on the tundra
and animals are going into hibernation?
Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Biosphere
3. Name two of the 4 things the atmosphere
provides living things.
a) It contains important gases like oxygen and
carbon dioxide.
b) Provides warmth.
(c) Allows liquid water.
(d) Protects from radiation and meteoroids.
4. Why does unequal heating of air, land and water
cause wind? Because they heat at different rates,
it causes differences in density and pressure
which causes wind.
5. What is the difference between climate and
weather? Weather is the condition of the
atmosphere at a particular time. Climate is the
average weather condition in an area over a long
period of time.
6. What part of the water cycle provides what is
needed for the formation of rain clouds?
Evaporation
7. How do you stay safe during severe weather?
Stay away from water, get close to the ground,
stay away from metal, find shelter, evacuate if
needed.
Big Idea 14
1. What are the 6 characteristics of living things?
DNA, cells, reproduce, respond to stimuli, use
energy, grow and develop
2. Describe the 7 levels of organization going from
smallest to largest. Atoms, molecules, cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, organism
3. What are the differences between prokaryotic
cells and eukaryotic cells? Pro: single celled, no
membrane bound organelles Euk: single or
multicellular, DNA in nucleus
4. What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made of one or more
cells. 2. Cells come from preexisting cells. 3.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
13. Describe the 4 types of infectious diseases.
Virus: nonliving, depends on living things to
reproduce
5. Describe the 8 organelles found in both plant and
animal cells. Mitochondria, cell membrane,
nucleus, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, cytoplasm, Golgi Complex
Parasite: gets nutrients and energy from its host
while the host is weakened or dies
6. Describe the 3 organelles that are only found in
plant cells. Cell wall, large central vacuole,
chloroplast
7. What is the difference between active and
passive transport? Passive: no energy, uses
osmosis and diffusion, moves from high to low
concentration. Active: uses energy, moves from
low to high concentration
8. What is the difference between osmosis and
diffusion? Osmosis is only water and diffusion
can be water and particles
9. What is the function of each of the following
organ systems? Name an organ found in each.
Digestive: break down food to make energy.
Stomach
Circulatory/Cardiovascular: deliver nutrients to
the body. heart
Integumentary: provides protection to the body.
Skin
Bacteria: live in most environments, can be
helpful to environment and humans, and can
also cause disease if pathogenic in humans
Fungi: non-green, eukaryotic, does not move,
reproduce by spore, no photosynthesis, break
down substances in their surroundings and
absorb nutrients for food.
Big Idea 15
1. How are living things classified? Into groups
based on similar characteristics and traits.
2. What are the different levels of classification?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, species.
3. Describe the different Domains.
Domain Bacteria: Prokaryotes – no nucleus
Found in soil, in water, and even on and inside
the human body
Domain Archea: Prokaryotes – no nucleus
Extreme environments where other organisms
do not survive.
Skeletal: provides support. skull
Domain Eukarya: All organisms whose cells
have a nucleus and membrane bound cells.
Respiratory: breathe in oxygen and expel carbon
dioxide. Lung
4. Describe the different Kingdoms.
Urinary/Excretory: removes wastes from the body.
kidney
Nervous: controls and regulates the body. brain
Immune: protects the body from infection. White
blood cells
Muscular: allows movement. bicep
Kingdom Fungi: Complex multi-cellular
organisms. Do not perform photosynthesis. Do
not eat food. Use digestive juices to break down
the substances in its surroundings.
Kingdom Plantae: Complex multi-cellular
organisms. Cell walls. Make food though
photosynthesis, so they must be exposed to
sunlight.
Kingdom Protista: Single-celled or multicellular organisms. Protozoans – animal like
protists. Algae – plant like protists
Kingdom Animalia: Complex multi-cellular
organisms. No cell wall. Move around.
Specialized sense organs. Depend on organisms
from other kingdoms.
Big Idea 11
1. What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Scientific law that states that energy cannot be
created or destroyed but can be changed from
one form to another.
2. What is the difference between kinetic and
potential energy? Kinetic energy is the energy of
an object that is due to the object’s motion.
Potential energy is the energy that an object has
because of the position, shape, or condition of the
object.
Big Idea 13
1. Explain how forces can act on an object by direct
contact. Forces can act on an object by direct
contact by touching such as friction.
2. Explain how forces can act on an object from a
distance. Forces can act on an object from a
distance by not touching such as gravity,
magnetism and electricity.
3. Explain how gravity is affected by mass and
distance. The closer it is and the larger it is, the
more the pull. The farther away and the smaller
it is the less the pull.
4. What is the difference between an unbalanced
force and a balanced force? Give an example of
each. Balanced forces cause no movement and
have a net force of 0N such as a glass sitting on a
counter. Unbalanced forces call movement such
as the glass falling over.
5. A kangaroo hops 60 m to the east in 5 s. What is
the kangaroo’s average speed? 12 m/s
6. Kira jogs to a store 72 m away in a time of 36 s.
What is Kira’s average speed? 2 m/s
7. John enjoys riding his bike. He peddles with a
force of 200 N against a wind that exerts a force of
50 N. The friction between the tires of the bike and
dirt road is 25 N. What is the net force acting on
John’s bike?
A. 75 N against the wind
B. 125 N against the wind
C. 150 N against the wind
D. 175 N against the wind