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Name______________________
CP Biology
Chapter 18: Classification
For this unit, you will assemble notes and answer basic concept questions using a textbook in class. You
may work in a team, but each team member must write their own notes.
After discussing concepts together for clarification and review, you may use your written notes and other
materials for an OPEN-NOTE quiz or test.
Your grade for this chapter will include 100 points:
 40 points for the questions and assignments listed below
 60 point quiz (open-note and after reviewing the material)
1. Read Chapter 18 (pages 509 – 528).
2. Complete attached worksheets:
A. Chapter 18 Concept Review Questions (20 points)
B. The Kingdoms & Their Characteristics (10 points)
C. 2 worksheets (10 points): Classification Categories, Cladograms
I hope all this
work is not
fernothing!
Man, I can
hardly wait
to do this
assignment!
Why do I
already feel
single-celled
out?
This should
be fun-guys!
We’re not evolved
enough to have
something clever
to say.
CHAPTER 18 CONCEPT REVIEW
USE YOUR BOOK TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS  NOT THE INTERNET!
SECTION 18.1 – Finding Order in Diversity
1. Define Systematics. What is a taxon (or plural – taxa)?
2. Binomial nomenclature is the system that is used to name organisms.
What is the goal of binomial nomenclature?
3. Who is the scientist responsible for binomial nomenclature? What
language is used and why?
4. What is a dichotomous key and how is it used?
5. What is the modern definition of “species”?
6. List the seven hierarchical taxa (from most general to specific) used
to group organisms.
SECTION 18.2 – Modern Evolutionary Classification
7. What is “Phylogeny”?
8. What is a derived character? How can they be used to determine
how closely two species are related?
9. How are DNA sequences used in classification?
10. Besides DNA, what other kinds of information can be used by
scientists to determine relationships between groups of organisms?
SECTION 18.3 – Building the Tree of Life
11. Name the 3 domains, and list the Kingdoms within each domain.
(There are 6 Kingdoms.)
12. Thinking Question: (THIS IS NOT IN YOUR BOOK!)
Explain how evolution is responsible for both the “unity and diversity”
of life.
The Kingdoms and Their Characteristics
A. Use the Word Bank to complete the chart below indicating the characteristics for each
kingdom. (You may use the term “some” in the box if it’s not true for the entire Kingdom.)
- some of the boxes have been filled in for you already
Word Bank:
Prokaryote (2)
Eukaryote (4)
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya (4)
Peptidoglycan
No peptidoglycan
Cellulose cell wall
Chitin cell wall
Multicellular (2)
Most multicelled/some one cell
Most unicellular/some multicelled
Unicellular
Autotroph (4)
Heterotroph (5)
Ingestion
Absorption
cyanobacteria
insects
halophiles
ferns
mosses
insects
sponges
seaweed
mushroom
amoeba
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
Cell Type
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
(prokaryotic or
eukaryotic)
Number of Cells
(unicellular, colonial,
multicellular)
Unicellular,
some colonial
Cell Wall
(present or absent)
If present, indicate it’s
composition:
cellulose, chitin,
peptidoglycan
Some
varied
composition,
some cellulose
Mode of Nutrition
(autotrophic,
heterotrophic, both )
Examples of
Organisms in this
Kingdom
* For up to 5 points Extra Credit:
Make a Colorful Concept Map on a small/medium size poster board of the 6 Kingdoms. Include
all of their characteristics and color photographs of at leas three organisms within each kingdom.
(I will show you examples in class.)
Classification Categories
1. List the 7 levels of classification categories from the most
broad (on top) to the most specific (on bottom).
2. Which are more similar:
a. members of an order or members of a family?
______________
b. members of an order or members of a phylum?
______________
3. Which group has more members:
a. a phylum or a family?______________
b. a genus or a family? ______________
4. Which group has fewer members:
a. a family or a genus?______________
b. an order or a phylum? ______________
5. a. Which group has the most members? __________________
b. Which group has the fewest members? __________________
6. Does the category DOMAIN fit on the top or the bottom of this chart? ___________
Explain why. __________________________________________________________
Study the table showing the classification of 4 organisms.
Answer the question in the spaces provided.
TABLE 1: Classification of Organisms
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Dandelion
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Angiospermae
Asterales
Compositae
Taraxacum
officinale
Dog
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
familiaris
Wolf
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
lupus
6. How many groups do wolves and humans share? ______________
7. How many groups do wolves and dogs share? ______________
8. a. Which two organisms are the most similar? ___________________________
b. How do you know? _____________________________________________
9. a. Which organism is least like the other three? ____________________________
b. How do you know? _____________________________________________
10. To what Order do dogs and wolves belong? ______________
11. To what Class do dogs and humans belong? ___________________
Human
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Cladograms
For Questions 1–3, complete each statement.
1. Define a cladogram __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. The place where the ancestral lineage splits on a cladogram is called a fork, or a __________.
3. Characteristics shared by members of a clade and only by members of that clade are called
_______________
.
Examine Figure A below:
 Color the two organisms that belong to a clade that does not include the third organism RED.
Color the organism that does not belong to the clade YELLOW.
 Circle the point on the cladogram that shows the most recent common ancestor of the crab
and the barnacle.
 Mark an X on the point on the cladogram that shows the most recent common ancestor of
mollusks and crustaceans.
 Put a box around the characteristic that all three organisms have in common.
Examine Figure B above.
1. Which species is most closely related to the red panda? ______________
2. Although giant pandas and red pandas share some distinct anatomical similarities, they
are in different clades. What type of evidence do you think was used to construct this
diagram? ___________________________
3. Biologists had previously classified giant pandas together with raccoons and red pandas.
After DNA analysis, what must have been discovered to change the cladogram?