Download Quarterly Review

Quarterly Review
Directions: These questions cover the first three units we studied. You do NOT
HAVE to answer all of these questions. Answer a few each day and keep track of
your answers; discuss your concerns on the wiki or in class. You can stay after too,
either to use my computer or to review. The answer key will be posted in a few
days so that you can work on some questions on your own at first. Keep in mind
the quarterly may not be quite this hard, or long.
Missing numbers means I deleted the question.
Enzymes are a type of protein that aid in which of the following processes?
1.
A.transport across the cell membrane
B.cellular signaling and regulation
C.the breakdown of food molecules
D.all of these
2.
Over the course of Earth's history, many species have evolved. However, many species
have also become extinct. How is evolution related to extinction?
A.Extinction is a driving force behind evolution because it creates voids for new
species to fill.
B.Evolution ensures that species are able to adapt and avoid extinction.
C.Evolution causes some species to become extinct in order that other species may
thrive.
D.Evolution is not related to the concept of extinction.
Which of the following is most often used to guide scientific inquiries and evaluate
proposed explanations made by other scientists?
A.historical and current scientific knowledge
B.popular cultural trends and beliefs
C.the opinion of leading scientists
D.political and societal influences
3.
5.
Some organisms that appear to be very different from other organisms are in fact quite
similar anatomically. Scientists believe whales evolved from land mammals for many
reasons including a few internal functionless hind-limb bones found in whalesï¿_
bodies. What is the term for a functionless anatomical structure that is evidence of an
organismï¿_s evolutionary past?
A.trace structure
B.vestigial structure
C.absorbed structure
D.homologous structure
Diana would like to observe the movements of a paramecium. Which of the following
tools would be best for Diana to use?
6.
A.hand lens
B.convex telescope
C.scanning electron microscope
D.light microscope
7.
A student is given a small amount of unknown tan-colored liquid substance. This
unknown liquid is placed into a glass of water and mixed. Despite mixing, the tan liquid
remains separated from the water and collects as a large droplet at the top. Which of
the macromolecule groups is this liquid MOST likely to be a member of?
A.carbohydrates
B.nucleic acids
C.proteins
D.lipids
8.
A mutation exists in a gene that controls hair growth on the middle digit of human
fingers. Some people have mid-digital hair, while others do not. The gene can be
passed from one generation to the next. Which explanation best predicts what should
happen to this trait over time?
A.The incidence of mid-digital hair
offers a selective advantage.
B.The incidence of mid-digital hair
advantage or disadvantage.
C.The incidence of mid-digital hair
selective disadvantage.
D.The incidence of mid-digital hair
advantage.
will increase in the human population because it
will not change because it offers no selective
will decrease in the population because it has a
will increase because it offers no selective
Examine the graph below showing the leading causes of death in the United States.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the graph?
9.
A.Americans do not live as long as citizens of other countries.
B.The majority of Americans die from diseases related to lifestyle choices.
C.The majority of deaths among juveniles are caused by accidents.
D.Infectious diseases kill more Americans than any other causes combined.
10.
Polymers of the carbohydrate monomer glucose are used as the major form of energy
storage for many plants. What are these glucose polymers called?
A.table sugar
B.maltose
C.starch
D.glycogen
Examine the evolutionary diagram below. What does the diagram imply about the
peafowl and the chicken?
A.They
B.They
C.They
D.They
descended from early mammals.
share a recent common ancestor.
did not evolve from older forms of life.
are unrelated.
11.
12.
Hayden has placed a cricket in a terrarium. He is interested in learning about cricket
behavior. Which of the following is a question about cricket behavior that Hayden can
answer through a scientific investigation?
A.How will the cricket feel if the terrarium is left in a dark room for several days?
B.Does a cricket prefer to live in the wild or in a terrarium?
C.How will the cricket behave if another cricket is introduced into the terrarium?
D.Do crickets make better pets than lizards?
13.
Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are excellent sources of immediate energy for living
organisms. More complex carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, can also be used
for the long term storage of energy. However, carbohydrates play other vital roles, too.
Which of the following describes another common use for carbohydrates?
A.Keratin provides support in hair, nails, feathers, hooves, and some animal shells.
B.Collagen is a major component in cartilage and tendons.
C.Cellulose is used as a structural component in plant cell walls.
D.Enzymes help speed up metabolic reactions.
16.
All nucleic acids contain a functional group that is also found in the subset of lipids that
make up biological membranes.
What is this functional group?
A.amino group
B.phosphate group
C.carboxyl group
D.sulfhydryl group
17.
Natural selection allows a species to change in response to its environment. What is the
process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment called?
A.natural selection
B.speciation
C.adaptation
D.gradualism
18.
Elizabeth is testing the effects of soil additives on fruit production at an apple orchard.
Elizabeth would like to find out if the soil additives increase the mass of the apples.
What tool will Elizabeth need in order to complete her research?
A.balance
B.beaker
C.pH meter
D.graduated cylinder
Which of the following is a type of lipid?
19.
A.saturated fat
B.triglyceride
C.cholesterol
D.all of these
20.
A population of deer gets exposed to a pesticide that produces mutations in one of the
following types of cells. In which type of cell will a mutation be most likely to alter the
make-up of the population?
A.sperm cell
B.brain cell
C.muscle cell
D.blood cell
21.
A student hypothesizes that placing blood cells in high concentrations of salt water will
cause them to grow and eventually lyse. He performed an experiment in which he
submerged blood cells in various concentrations of salt water and recorded his results
in the table below. (All conditions were kept the same except for the salinity of the
water.)
Salinity
Cell Diameter
(in micrometers)
Lysis?
0.0%
N/A
Y
0.3%
8.0 Î_m
N
0.6%
7.4 Î_m
N
0.9%
6.6 Î_m
N
1.2%
6.0 Î_m
N
Does the student's data support his hypothesis?
A.No; cell lysis never occurs.
B.No; the cells shrink with increasing salinity.
C.Yes; the cells grow with increasing salinity.
D.There is not enough information to tell.
22.
Monosaccharides are generally defined by which of the following carbon to hydrogen to
oxygen ratios?
A.(CH2O)n
B.(C2HO)n
C.(CHO)n
D.(CHO2)n
23.
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
The figures above show four vertical cuts through different canyons. The top layer is
the youngest layer, and the bottom layer is the oldest. In the layers are fossils of
shellfish. Which cut would be possible evidence that a circular shellfish evolved from a
hexagonal shellfish?
A.Cut
B.Cut
C.Cut
D.Cut
W
X
Y
Z
Greg is measuring a volume of water with a graduated cylinder.
How much water is now in the cylinder?
A.36
B.35
C.37
D.34
24.
mL
mL
mL
mL
25.
Humans and other animals need a variety of materials in order to form the molecular
building blocks of life. What is the primary source of these materials?
A.DNA
B.food
C.vaccines
D.the Sun
26.
There is a large amount of biodiversity throughout the world. According to the theory of
natural selection, which of the following factors is primarily responsible for biodiversity?
A.punctuated equilibrium
B.genetic drift
C.evolution
D.environmental diversity
27.
Juanita runs a restaurant. She wants to make sure that the food served by her
restaurant is as clean as possible. Juanita wants to find out the best way to kill or wash
off any microorganisms on the fresh produce used by her cooks. Which of the following
is a testable hypothesis that Juanita could make in order to conduct an experiment
concerning her problem?
A.What does the local health code say concerning the treatment of produce?
B.Produce must be washed under running water for 10 minutes in order to remove
all microorganisms on the produce.
C.Fresh produce will taste better if it is irradiated in order to kill all of the
microorganisms on the produce.
D.What is the best way to kill or wash off any microorganisms in the fresh produce
used by the restaurant?
28.
Lipids are organic macromolecules that serve a variety of purposes. What is the most
important role of lipids?
A.to
B.to
C.to
D.to
store energy
oxygenate blood
build muscles
metabolize sugar
29.
Imagine an earthquake creates a chasm that separates a population of squirrels. The
two populations of squirrels evolve into two separate species. What is the name of the
process by which isolated populations of the same species become new species?
A.genetic variation
B.reproductive isolation
C.speciation
D.natural selection
30.
One cool October morning, the local mayor gave a speech in Central Park to an
audience of local men and women. During his speech, he discussed various
environmental issues such as water conservation and air pollution. He also promised to
support any legislation that placed the health of the town's citizens as the highest
priority.
While listening to the mayor's speech, a resident of the town saw the following chart
printed in the newspaper.
Proposition number
Month
Issue
Mayor's vote
Proposition 379
March
Create and authorize funding for a local environmental research group.
N
Proposition 422
June
Require local industries to report the amount of particulate matter that they release
into the air.
N
Proposition 486
August
Require local residents and businesses to follow a water conservation plan in times of
drought.
N
Proposition 513
September
Permit the rezoning of local land for increased commercial and residential development.
Y
Which of the following statements is best supported by the above information?
A.An increase in the number of local businesses will benefit the health of the
residents.
B.The mayor's actions do not support his words.
C.There is no need to discuss environmental issues in this town.
D.The mayor's actions support the promises made in his speech.
Nucleic acids are one of the four major macromolecules.
31.
The main function of nucleic acids is to
A.carry genetic material that helps to create structures inside the cell.
B.aid in development, the immune system, and blood clotting.
C.act as enzymes, cell signals, and structural support for the cell.
D.absorb energy from the Sun and transport it around the cell.
32.
Scientific investigations indicate that the Earth is many billions of years old. Which of
the following statements is true of the processes that shape the Earth?
A.Many of the processes that changed the Earth in the past have become extinct.
B.Many of the processes that changed the Earth in the past are the same processes
that operate in the present.
C.The processes that changed the Earth in the past do not resemble any of the
processes that operate in the present.
D.The processes that changed the Earth in the past have evolved into newer, better
processes.
Scientific investigations and explanations must be
33.
A.All of these are correct answers.
B.consistent with experimental and observational evidence about nature.
C.clearly reported to enhance opportunities for further investigation.
D.logical and respect the rules of evidence.
34.
Proteins can perform many different functions in living cells. One major function, acting
as a catalyst for chemical reactions, can also be performed by what other kind of
organic molecule?
A.RNA
B.glycogen
C.cholesterol
D.phospholipids
35.
All organisms that sexually reproduce exhibit behavior that encourages reproductive
activities from the opposite sex. Why would this form of behavior most likely be
naturally selected?
A.Organisms that have behaviors that encourage reproduction would be more likely
to reproduce.
B.Organisms that have behaviors that encourage reproduction also have behaviors
that encourage survival.
C.Natural Selection cannot occur without reproduction.
D.Organisms will not reproduce without the appropriate behaviors being exhibited
by the opposite sex.
36.
Scientists conduct investigations for a variety of reasons. Which of the following
reasons best explains why a scientist would want to replicate Gregor Mendel's pea plant
experiment?
A.to
B.to
C.to
D.to
explain recently observed phenomena
test the conclusions of prior investigations
discover new aspects of the natural world
test the predictions of current theories
Carbohydrates are composed of which three elements?
A.oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus
B.carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
C.carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
D.oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
37.
38.
The figures above show the changes in a population of colored lizards at the beginning
and after 100 generations. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the
results?
A.Some change
green ones.
B.Some change
blue ones.
C.Some change
green ones.
D.Some change
blue ones.
in the environment selected for blue lizards, but against red and
in the environment selected for green lizards, but against red and
in the environment selected for red and blue lizards, but against
in the environment selected for red lizards, but against green and
Which of the following is an example of a scientific theory?
39.
A.the speed of light
B.evolution
C.conservation of mass
D.elements in the periodic table
A triglyceride is a common type of lipid which contains
40.
A.a water molecule and two fatty acids.
B.three glucose molecules and two fatty acids.
C.three glyceride molecules and a fatty acid.
D.a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
The figure above shows the progression of embryonic stages of four species of
invertebrates. Which of the following species are most closely related by evolution?
A.Species B and Species C
B.Species A and Species B
C..Species C and Species D
D.Species A and Species D
41.
42.
A school superintendent justified the spending of millions of taxpayer dollars on
computers for students by saying that an increased access to computers increased
student test scores. A few days later, it was discovered that the school superintendant
was a major stockholder in the computer manufacturing company. Which of the
following statements is true of this scenario?
I.
The school superintendent may be biased.
II.
The school superintendent is an expert in student test scores.
III.
There was no scientific evidence presented regarding the student test scores.
IV.
The computer company should conduct a study on the student test scores.
A.I, III, and IV only
B.I and III only
C.I and II only
D.I, II, III, and IV
43.
Cellular processes are carried out by many different types of molecules, mostly
proteins. The function of each protein molecule depends on its shape which, in turn, is
determined by the protein's specific sequence of
.
A.triglycerides
B.amino acids
C.nucleotides
D.monosaccharides
44.
Scientists know that organisms that are more closely related will have DNA sequences
more similar to each other than organisms that are distantly related. Which two
organisms below would most likely have the fewest similar nucleotide sequences in a
given gene?
A.alligator and earthworm
B.orangutan and howler monkey
C.scorpion and tarantula
D.lion and horse
When all the current evidence from many related scientific investigations are drawn
together, a scientific theory may be produced. The acceptance of a scientific theory
relies on the _______ of the scientific community.
45.
A.academic credentials
B.consensus
C.ethics
D.political parties
46.
Though the polymers DNA and RNA function in information storage and transfer, there
are also smaller nucleic acids, such as ATP and NADH, which are individual nucleotides
or dinucleotides, respectively.
What role do ATP and NADH play in living cells?
A.They
B.They
C.They
D.They
store and transfer energy.
provide structural support to cell membranes.
also store and transfer information.
are involved in cell-to-cell signaling.
48.
Selma wants to find out at which temperature Streptococcus bacteria reproduce the
fastest. Selma places the same size sample of the bacteria on 10 different Petri dishes
filled with nutrient agar. She then places each dish in different incubators which are all
set at different temperatures. After three hours, Selma removes the dishes from the
incubators and observes the size of the bacterial colonies. What is the variable in
Selma's experiment?
A.the temperature of the incubator
B.the size of the Petri dishes
C.the size of the bacterial colonies
D.the type of nutrient agar used
What four elements are found in all amino acids?
49.
A.carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
B.carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
C.oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, potassium
D.oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
50.
Which of the following processes would be most effective in changing the frequency of
certain traits in a population over time?
A.chemically-induced mutations
B.spontaneous mutations
C.natural selection
D.genetic recombination