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Mr. Klatt Humanities My Notes Section title: The Scramble for Africa Text or page #: pg. 345 ~ 350 A New Period of Imperialism - Imperialism of 18th-19th century was different from 15th and 16th centuries. - During this time, Europeans demanded more influence over the economic, political and social lives of the people, also to form the economies of the and to benefit European economies, wanted people to adopt European customs - Forms of control European nations had certain policies and goals for establishing colonies. Four form of colonial control emerged: colony, protectorate, sphere of influence and economic imperialism - Methods of Management: also developed methods of day-to-day management of the colony. Two methods Britain and other nationssuch as the US in its Pacific Island colonies—preferred indirect control. France and others had direct control - Indirect control relied on existing political rulers, each colony had a legislative council that included colonial officials as well as local merchants an professionals nominated by the colonial governor - Developed policy called paternalism (Direct control) Europeans governed people in a paternal way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights Europeans brought their own bureaucrats and did not train local people in European methods of governing - The French also supported a policy of assimilation Based on the idea that in time, the local population would adopt French culture and become like the French schools, institutionsrecognized local culture but was seen inferior to French culture. - Nigeria was hard to ‘manage’ because it was the most culturally diverse areas in Africa 250 different ethnic groups lived there ( Hausa-Fulani- north had centralized government, Yoruba- southwest, classic, relied on chief, Igbo- southeast- ) - British indirectly governed this place worked well with HausaFulani but not with the other two African Resistance - Many in Africa detested the colonization, the British had too strong arms although the Africans had great military ability - Unsuccessful movements: active military resistance and resistance through religious movements. Ex: Algeria’s almost 50 year resistance to French rule. Led by Samori Toure in West Africa against the French 16 years - Africans in German East Africa put their faith in spiritual defense resisted the Germans’ insistence that they plant cotton, a cash crop for export, rather than attend to their own food crops. - In 1905 maji maji (magic water) sprinkled on their bodies would return the German bullets back to them united to fight together with the belief that the gods and ancestors will help them it was unsuccessfully 75000 dead made reforms after - Only African nation that successfully resisted the Europeans mostly Mr. Klatt Humanities by Menelik II - He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889 played Italians, French and British against each other. In the meantime, he built up a large arsenal of modern weapons purchased from France and Russia - In 1889 signed treaty with Italy, he discovered differences in of the treaty with Italy and Ethiopian he thought he was loosing a small portion of Africa, but Italians claimed it was protectorate - Italians forces advancing into northern Ethiopia Menelik declared war - In 1896 battle of Adowa, Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the Italians and kept their nation independent The Legacy of Colonial Rule - Negative side: a). Lost independence, culture, land, languages, caught smallpox or new diseases and died, famines and wars resulted death - Positive side: b). Reduced local warfare, provided hospitals and schools, lifespan increased and literacy rates, economic expansion and growth, transportation were built Mr. Klatt Questions I have or, possible Quiz Questions Humanities