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Transcript
CGF 3MO Final Exam Review Exam: Time: Where: Wednesday, January 26th, 2011 9:00 a.m. Room 101 Format: Multiple Choice True or False Short Answer Diagrams 35 marks 15 marks 25 marks 15 marks 90 marks Multiple Choice – a variety of questions from throughout the course with greater emphasis on material learned since midterm. True or False – primarily questions from the current unit on atmosphere & storms with a few questions from oceans and glaciers Short Answer – questions primarily from material learned since midterm; atmosphere, glaciers, rivers, hurricanes, tornadoes, as well as volcanoes. Diagrams – label features of diagrams from last few units; waves, water, glaciers, atmosphere – no word list provided (you need to know them) TIPS FOR STUDYING – Start by taking out all of your old tests. What areas did you do well on? What types of questions gave you difficulty? Look at types of questions asked on old tests. Make yourself a test for recent units – what are the main concepts to focus on? Make flashcards for terms. http://www.flashcardmachine.com/ Test yourself with online quizzes. This site has most units with the exception of atmosphere. Lots of quizzes, flash cards, as well as animations http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072402466/sitemap.html?Qui DO NOT LEAVE IT TO THE NIGHT BEFORE – do a little bit each day – plan ahead CONCEPTS TO STUDY FOR THE EXAM Introduction Gaia hypothesis Change of the seasons; precession of the equinoxes Sphere of the earth; lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere From Core to Crust Geologic time; age of the earth Seismology; Richter scale the layers of the Earth: core, asthenosphere, mantle, crust folding & faulting, plate boundaries Volcanoes & Earthquakes Types of volcanoes – where they occur volcanic explosivity – causes destructive & beneficial effects of volcanoes Earthquakes; focus, epicenter, tsunami Gradation and the Weathering Processes what is denudation: weathering/erosion, transportation, deposition. what is mass wasting gradational process: driven by solar energy; gravity and kinetic energy weathering: chemical (decomposition) and mechanical (disintegration) mechanical weathering processes chemical weathering processes karst topography Mass Wasting factors causing mass wasting: soil creep, mudflows, landslides, avalanche Water water cycle - diagram groundwater Canada’s drainage basins Location of worlds freshwater Features of ocean waves characteristics of waves & diagram- duration, fetch, crest, trough, wavelength, wave height, wave period, breaker zone what causes a wave to break? what happens when a wave breaks Rip currents – how they work; how to escape them Rivers River drainage basin diagram speed means energy and energy means erosion stages of a river (youthful, mature and old age) - know the characteristics stream deposition and erosion – features causes of natural flooding Glaciers continental vs. alpine glaciers – how they move, effect on the landscape, typical depositional & erosional features alpine glaciation – cirque, arête, horn, moraine, truncated spur, snowline, continental glaciation – striations, drumlins, eskers, erratics Atmosphere 4 properties of the atmosphere – descriptions layers of the atmosphere diagram of global winds & pressure air pressure, Coriolis force & affect on winds, prevailing winds, NE and SE trade winds, doldrums, polar easterlies, westerlies, ozone layer, jet stream, formation of air masses Factors that affect climate the factors that affect climate Storms – new material mid latitude cyclonic hurricanes – characteristics, formation, tornadoes – characteristics, formation, reasons why they cause so much damage