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CGF 3MO
Final Exam Review
Exam:
Time:
Where:
Wednesday, January 26th, 2011
9:00 a.m.
Room 101
Format:
Multiple Choice
True or False
Short Answer
Diagrams
35 marks
15 marks
25 marks
15 marks
90 marks
Multiple Choice – a variety of questions from throughout the course with greater emphasis on material learned
since midterm.
True or False – primarily questions from the current unit on atmosphere & storms with a few questions from
oceans and glaciers
Short Answer – questions primarily from material learned since midterm; atmosphere, glaciers, rivers,
hurricanes, tornadoes, as well as volcanoes.
Diagrams – label features of diagrams from last few units; waves, water, glaciers, atmosphere – no word list
provided (you need to know them)
TIPS FOR STUDYING – Start by taking out all of your old tests.
 What areas did you do well on? What types of questions gave you difficulty?
 Look at types of questions asked on old tests.
 Make yourself a test for recent units – what are the main concepts to focus on?
 Make flashcards for terms. http://www.flashcardmachine.com/
 Test yourself with online quizzes. This site has most units with the exception of atmosphere. Lots of
quizzes, flash cards, as well as animations
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072402466/sitemap.html?Qui
 DO NOT LEAVE IT TO THE NIGHT BEFORE – do a little bit each day – plan ahead
CONCEPTS TO STUDY FOR THE EXAM
Introduction
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Gaia hypothesis
Change of the seasons; precession of the equinoxes
Sphere of the earth; lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
From Core to Crust
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Geologic time; age of the earth
Seismology; Richter scale
the layers of the Earth: core, asthenosphere, mantle, crust
folding & faulting, plate boundaries
Volcanoes & Earthquakes
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Types of volcanoes – where they occur
volcanic explosivity – causes
destructive & beneficial effects of volcanoes
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Earthquakes; focus, epicenter, tsunami
Gradation and the Weathering Processes
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what is denudation: weathering/erosion, transportation, deposition.
what is mass wasting
gradational process: driven by solar energy; gravity and kinetic energy
weathering: chemical (decomposition) and mechanical (disintegration)
mechanical weathering processes
chemical weathering processes
karst topography
Mass Wasting
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factors causing
mass wasting: soil creep, mudflows, landslides, avalanche
Water
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water cycle - diagram
groundwater
Canada’s drainage basins
Location of worlds freshwater
Features of ocean waves
characteristics of waves & diagram- duration, fetch, crest, trough, wavelength, wave height, wave period, breaker zone
what causes a wave to break? what happens when a wave breaks
Rip currents – how they work; how to escape them
Rivers
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River drainage basin diagram
speed means energy and energy means erosion
stages of a river (youthful, mature and old age) - know the characteristics
stream deposition and erosion – features
causes of natural flooding
Glaciers
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continental vs. alpine glaciers – how they move, effect on the landscape, typical depositional & erosional features
alpine glaciation – cirque, arête, horn, moraine, truncated spur, snowline,
continental glaciation – striations, drumlins, eskers, erratics
Atmosphere
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4 properties of the atmosphere – descriptions
layers of the atmosphere
diagram of global winds & pressure
air pressure, Coriolis force & affect on winds, prevailing winds, NE and SE trade winds, doldrums, polar easterlies,
westerlies, ozone layer, jet stream, formation of air masses
Factors that affect climate
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the factors that affect climate
Storms – new material
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mid latitude cyclonic
hurricanes – characteristics, formation,
tornadoes – characteristics, formation, reasons why they cause so much damage