Download ES Spring Exam Study

Earth Systems
Spring Semester Study Guide
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Completed Study Guide will count as one test grade. Turn in on Exam Day.
Define or answer the question:
1. Ch 10- What is Wegener’s hypothesis and what mechanism finally verified it?
2. How does sediment near mid-ocean ridges explain the age of the sea floor?
3. How does sea floor spreading relate to continent movement?
4. Compare lithosphere to asthenosphere.
5. What are three types of plate boundaries? (know the movement of each)
6. What are three causes of plate motion?
7. Ch 11- deformation
8. isostasy
9. fault
10. What are the three types of faults?
11. What are three types of tectonic plate collisions that form mountains?
12. What are the three types of mountains?
13. Ch 12- elastic rebound
14. focus
15. epicenter
16. What are the two types of seismic waves and which is fastest?
17. How are convergent plates and divergent plates different?
18. What causes tsunamis?
19. Ch 13- pyroclastic material
20. caldera
21. What is a subduction zone?
22. What happens at mid-ocean ridges?
23. What are the four types of pyroclastic particles based upon size?
24. How do calderas form?
25. Ch 14- How does mechanical weathering differ from chemical weathering?
26. What are some causes of mechanical weathering?
27. What are three types of mechanical weathering?
28. What causes acid precipitation and what damage may result?
29. What are the factors that affect the rate of weathering?
30. Ch 15- desalination
31. stream load
32. gradient
33. meander
34. alluvial fan
35. floodplain
36. What are the three types of stream load?
37. What factors contribute to a river’s erosive ability?
38. Describe the evolution of a river from meander to oxbow lake.
39. What methods do humans use for flood control?
40. Ch 16- aquifer
41. permeability
42. cone of depression
43. What two factors affect an aquifers ability to hold water?
44. How is an artesian formation different from a spring?
45. What causes most sinkholes?
46. Ch 17- cirque
47. arête
48. moraine
49. Milankovitch theory
50. What are two ways in which glaciers move?
51. What are two types of glacier? (know the difference)
52. What is glacial till?
53. Ch 18- saltation
54. What are the effects of wind erosion?
55. How do waves cause erosion?
56. What determines the composition of beaches?
57. Why are barrier islands important?
58. Ch 19- How do sediments close to shore compare to deep ocean sediments?
59. Ch 20- not tested
60. Ch 21- Coriolis effect
61. gyre
62. What causes surface currents?
63. How does the Gulf Stream affect Europe’s climate?
64. What happens as a tsunami approaches shore?
65. What causes tides?
66. Ch 22- What are the percentages of the two primary gases in the atmosphere?
67. Why is the ozone layer important and what chemicals may destroy it?
68. In which layer does most weather occur?
69. What three things happen to solar radiation as it approaches or contacts Earth?
70. What is a temperature inversion and why may it be harmful?
71. Which type of solar radiation is least absorbed by the atmosphere?
72. What is convection and how does it affect the atmosphere?
73. Ch 23-How do clouds form?
74. Which type of clouds produce thunderstorms?
75. How does cloud seeding work?
76. Why are some hail stones larger than others?
77. What was the most interesting topic you studied in Earth Systems?
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