Download Chemical Reactions – Chapter 3

Chemical Reactions – Chapter 3.4
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A chemical reaction _______________ some substances and _______ other substances
2H2 + O2 ------> 2H2O
_____________
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________________
Chemical reactions can occur when reactants _____________ with enough ________
to react
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The amount of energy needed for a particular reaction to occur is called ___________
__________________
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Some reactions must ________ energy to start, often this is in the form of _______
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Some reactions _____________ energy in the form of ___________________
Biochemical reactions allow organisms to:
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___________________
-- ___________________
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___________________
-- ___________________
Chemical Reaction
• Certain conditions can affect the rate at which a chemical reaction will occur
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___________________ – gaining or losing heat energy
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___________________ – most organisms need to be kept in a ________________
of acidity for reactions to properly occur
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____________ within an organism regulate pH so ____________ is maintained
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A _________ change in pH can ____________ cell processes
___________________ – a substance that changes the _______ of reaction or
allows the reaction to occur at a ___________________
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Catalysts are ___________________ or ________________ in a reaction, can
be used ________________________
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_________________ are catalysts in _______________________
Energy and Enzymes
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Enzymes are made up of ____________________
Enzymes are a type of ________________: a material that _____________ the
_________________________ required for a reaction to occur
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Enzymes __________________ chemical reactions that otherwise would occur too
slowly at the body’s temperature
– Reactions are able to occur at ____________ temperatures
Enzyme Functions
• Functions in the body:
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Help with ___________________
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Help with ___________________
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Burning ___________________
Help with ___________________
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Building _____________ and _____________
Enzyme Names
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Enzymes will often end in the suffix –_______
The beginning of the name often tells you the _______________ of the enzyme
___________________: what an enzyme acts upon
– Examples:
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Amylase breaks down _____________ (a component of__________)
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Lactase breaks down ____________ (a sugar in ____________ products)
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Lactose intolerant people __________ the enzyme lactase
Enzyme Action
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Enzymes act on a ______________ substrate
–
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Fit like a ___________________
Substrate fits at the ___________________
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___________________
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The product is _______________ from the enzyme
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Enzyme is back to its ___________________ and ready to ___________________
Factors that Affect Enzyme Activity
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___________________
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Each type of enzyme has a ___________________
at which they like to work. Enzyme activity
___________________ as the environment
reaches that ideal temperature and __________
outside of that range.
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___________________
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As with temperature, there is a specific
_______________ at which an enzyme will work
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At extreme an temperature or pH, an enzyme can
_______________ (change ________ and
become _____________________)
• ___________________
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If the amount of substrate ___________________, the rate
of reaction will __________ if the enzyme concentration
__________________
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Reaction rate will ______________ if it runs out of substrate
• ___________________
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If the amount of ____________ stays the same, the rate
of reaction will ____________ if the substrate
concentration ___________________
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Reaction rate will _________________ when all of the
enzymes are working
ATP
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ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate
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ATP is the molecule that ___________________ that can be used quickly and easily by
__________
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ATP could be used for many things:
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___________________
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___________________
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___________________
–
___________________
ATP Structure
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is made up of three parts:
– ___________________
– ___________________
– ___________________
ATP  ADP
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ATP releases energy by __________ a phosphate
group and becoming _________
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adenosine ______phosphate becomes adenosine
______phosphate
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When it transfers a ________________, it transfers _____________
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This energy drives the cell’s ____________________.
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________ can later bind with another ______________ and start all over again.
• To supply cells with energy, the high energy ATP bond is ________.
_______ is formed and _________ is released.
ATP  ADP + Phosphate + Energy
• Energy is ________ (and __________) by reattaching a phosphate group to ________
forming ___________ to be used later.
ADP + Phosphate + Energy  ATP
• __________ energy is used to _________ ATP than is released when it is _________