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Transcript
Continental Drift The hypothesis that all the continents were once joined together in a single land mass and have since slowly drifted apart. Pangaea Landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents. 1 2 Mid-Ocean Ridge 3 Sonar Device to determine the distance of an object underwater by recording echoes of sound waves to map the sea floor. Sea Floor Spreading The process by which molten material add new oceanic crust slowly sink toward the mantle. Deep-Ocean Trench A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle. Subduction The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into mantle. 4 5 6 7 Plate 8 An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced. A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust. Plate Tectonics This theory explains the formation, movement, and subduction of earth’s lithosphere. Fault A break or crack in Earth’s lithosphere along which the rocks move. 9 10 Divergent (Spreading) 11 Boundary The place where two plates move apart Convergent (Colliding) 12 Boundary The place where two plates come together, or collide. Transform (sliding) boundary A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. 13 Rift Valley Valley form where plates move apart. 14 Alfred Wegener The geologist whose hypothesis stated that all the continents were once joined together and have slowly drifted apart. Seismic Waves Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. 15 16 Pressure 17 Crust 18 The layer of rock that forms Earth’s surface. Mantle The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core. It is where convection currents occur. Lithosphere The layer of cold solid material between Earth’s crust and core. 19 20 Asthenosphere The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. Outer Core A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth. Inner Core A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth. 21 22 23 The force exerted on a surface divided by the toal area over which the force is exerted. Harry Hess 24 J. Tuzo Wilson 25 Fossil The geologist whose theory stated that the sea floor spreads along both sides of the mid ocean ridge as new crust is added. (Sea Floor Spreading) The geologist whose theory stated that the plates are in slow constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. (Plate Tectonics) A trace of an organism preserved in rock. 26 Granite 27 This rock is light in color and density and makes up much of the continental crust Basalt Rock This rock is dark in color and makes up most of the oceanic crust. Mountain Range A collision between two pieces of continental lithosphere at a convergent boundary produce a (blank) Convection Currents The main process by which the Earth’s outer core and mantle transfer heat. 28 29 30 Oceanic Crust 31 A type of crust that slides below the continental plate because it is more dense.