Download Tissues: Four classes Epithelium Connective Muscle Nervous

Tissues:
Four classes

Epithelium

Connective

Muscle

Nervous
Tissues are:

group of similar or identical cells that share a common function.

used to build organs
Overview:

Epithelial
o Line body cavities
o Cover free surfaces
o Including ducts and glands
o Tightly connected to each other
o Exposed to a space on their free surface
o Tightly connected to deeper tissue with a glue-like membrane called the
basement membrane
o **best function is absorption, secretion and protection

Muscle
o Provide movement for the body
o Contain fibers made up of myosin and actin protein filaments

Nervous
o Conduct electrical impulses
o Composed of one cell type … the neuron
o Neurons have
 Nucleus
 Several dendrites
 One or several axons
o Normal pathway follows:
 Dendrite to
 Cell body to
 Axon
• Produces a substance called a neurotransmitter
• Allows impulse to jump
o Neuron to neuron
o Neuron to muscle
o Neuron to gland
o classified by function and structure

function
• sensory
• motor
• association

structure
• unipolar
• bipolar
• multipolar
What you see microscopically is specific neurons (rather than tissues as in the other three
classes)
Epithelial Tissue:

has a free edge

packed end to end

avascular

has nerve supply
Specific
Location
Function (at that site)
General Comments
Simple Squamous
Lungs – alveoli
Capillaries, ear cochlea,
heart lining, serous
membranes
Kidney tubules, glands,
ducts and anterior lens of
the eye
Rapid exchange:
Diffusion, osmosis and
filtration
Fried egg – scale like,
saran wrap thin, joined end
to end, low wear and tear
Rapid exchange:
Secretion and absorption
Round nuclei
Secretion of mucus,
sweat, etc.
Simple Columnar
GI Tract from stomach to
anus, ducts, glands and gall
bladder
Secrete and absorb
Oval nuclei, contain
microvilli (small hairs) and
goblet cells. + surf. Area
Stratified Squamous
Skin, mouth, vagina,
esophagus, and eye
Protect
Stratified Cuboidal
Ducts of adult sweat
glands, male urethra
Protection
Several layer, great wear,
deep cell. Can be
cuboidal/columnar.
Keratinzed = skin,
nonkeratinized = mouth,
esophagus, vagina, tongue
Cicular nucleus
Stratified Columnar
Submandibular salivery
gland and male urethra.
Anal mucous membrane
Protect and secrete
Transitional
Baler, ureters, urethra
Distention
Ciliated Columnar
Upper respiratory tract,
fallopian tubes, central
canal of spinal cord
Moves fluids or particles
along a pathway via
cilliary action
Simple Cuboidal
Columnar only in
superficial layer. Deep
layers all different shapes =
polyhedral
Squamous to cuboidal in
shape, able to stretch
Have goblet cells, have
cilia, make ovum move
down fallopian tube
Connective Tissues
Specific
Location
Function
General Comments
Areolar
Subcutaneous layer
of skin around
organs
Subcutaneous layer
of skin, kidneys,
joints and eyes
Framework of liver,
spleen and lymph
nodes
Tendons and
ligaments
Strength, elasticity,
support
Collagen, elastic,
reticular, fibroblast,
macrophage, plasma
Adipocytes, store
triglycerides
Lung tissue, walls
of arteries, trachea
and bronchial tubes
Ends of long bones,
rib ends, nose,
larynx, trachea
Allows stretching
Support
Bluish with shiny
collagen fibers with
chondrocytes
Pubic symphasis,
vertebral discs and
knee menisci
Epiglottis, external
ear, Eustachian
tubes
Everywhere
Support
Chondrocytes
among collagen
Support and shape
Chondrocytes and
elastic fibers
Support, protect,
store and
hematapoesis
Transport gasses,
phagocytosis and
allergic rxn
Haversion system,
lamellae, lacunae,
osteocytes
Plasma, platelets
and WBC’s
Adipose
Dense Regular
Collagenous
Dense Regular
Elastic
Dense Irregular
Elastic
Hyaline Cartilage
(most abundant type of
cartilage)
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Within blood
vessels
Reduce heat loss,
emergency reserve,
support, protect
Strong attachments
between structures
Mostly collagen
fibers, fibroblasts
between bundles
Elastic fibers,
fibroblasts
MUSCLE
SPECIFIC
LOCATION
FUNCTION
GENERAL
COMMENTS
Striated, light and
dark bands. Many
nuclei in fiber(s)
SKELETAL
Attached to bone
Motion, posture,
heat
CARDIAC
Walls of heart
Pump blood to all
parts of body
Striated,
involuntary, usually
only one fiber per
nuclei
SMOOTH
Constrict blood
vessels, break down
food, move foods
and fluids
Found in walls of
vessels, airway
stomach, intestine,
gall bladder and
urinary bladder
Involuntary, nonstriated, one nucleus
NERVOUS
Neurons:
Sensory
Motor
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Parts of the neuron include
Nerve:
NERVOUS
Neurons:
Have the ability to respond to stimuli and convert tem into nerve
impulse(s). A nerve impulse is a tiny electrical/chemical current.
Sensory (afferent) toward brain or cord
Motor (efferent) away from brain or cord
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Parts of the neuron include the axon, dendrite and cell body. These are labeled A, D and
C above.
Nerve: bundle of many nerve fibers in the nervous system